Isixazululo Sokucubungula iSilicon
Izinga Eliphezulu Lokubuyiselwa
Produktion efakazwimiselelekile
Silicon, isakhiwo sesibili esicebile kakhulu emhlabeni (esibala cishe u-27.7% wobukhulu bawo obuphelele), yisisekelo sesayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe. Izinto ezihlobene nayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo bume kahle kakhulu emlandweni wokukhula komphakathi wabantu. Kuhlelo lwezemboni nezomnotho zanamuhla, i-silicon ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengento esemqoka ekuvelisweni kwezimboni zendabuko ezifana nengilazi, ikhabhoni, nezinto zokwakha, kodwa futhi njengenhloko yecebo yezindawo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezihlanganisa amakhodi we-semiconductor, amaselula ezinkanyezi, izintambo ezibukwayo, nezinye izinto ezintsha ze-organosilicon. Izimfanelo zayo ezihlukile ze-semiconductor, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuzinza kwekhemikhali, nokuhlangabezana okukhulu ne-oksijini kwenza i-silicon isibe yinto engakwazi ukususwa, "umgogodla wobuchwepheshe" obungalibaleki esikhathini sedijithali kanye nokushintsha kwamandla, ihlala endaweni ebalulekile yesu lezinqumo ezibekwe ohlelweni lwezomnotho lwezizwe nezimboni zomhlaba wonke.
Izinhlayiya Ziqubu
Iqhwaqithi
Umlotha we-Silica wemvelo
Isikakhulu
I-Kaoline
MicaNgaphezulu kosilinganiso esingu-90% samacala okwenziwa kwekhabhoni yesikulufu sezimboni silandela lawa amane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusebenzisa ikhabhoni ye-silica ukususwa kokungcoliswa, ukwandisa ubuqotho be-SiO₂, nokulawula ukusatshalazwa kobukhulu bamaconsi ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Ngokusekelwe ikhwalithi yegolide eliqalisiwe nemiphumela yemikhiqizo, izindlela eziningi ezisemkhakheni eziyinqaba zingafingqwa ngomphumela olandelayo:
Isisekelo sazo zonke izinhlelo zokumba. Chaza ukusabalalisa kwe-ore body, ikhwalithi, kanye nezinsiza zokwenza izinqumo zesayensi.
Ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela yezokuhlola kube amaphepha okusebenza angasetshenziswa. Dweba imigqa yokukhiqiza esebenza kahle, ephumelelayo, futhi ephephile.
Ukuguqula imiklamo ibe yizakhiwo zomzimba. Qinisekisa ukwakhiwa okuphezulu ukuze kube nesikhathi esisheshayo sokufaka ukusebenza.
Isigaba sokukhiqiza esiqinile. Ukuhamba okuphephile, okuhlelekile, okusebenza kahle, nokusebenza ngezindleko eziphansi.
Isigaba sokwenzelwa inani. Ukuguqulwa kwenani okusheshayo, okuphephile, okuphansi kwezindleko.
Kubalulekile ukuphepha kwemvelo kanye nelayisensi yokuxhumana. Hlanganisa ukuphepha, umthwalo wemvelo, kanye nokuhambisana komphakathi.
Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokubonisana ngokuqhubeka nezamahlathi, ukuhlolwa, nocwaningo kanye nomklamo wezamahlathi ngendlela yokucabanga ephambili. Umklamo wezamahlathi uhlanganisa umklamo wezamahlathi, umklamo wokucubungula izinsimbi, kanye nomklamo weziziba zokuphuma.
Hlinzeka ngezitshalo nezinsiza zokweseka amaphrojekthi onjiniyela bemayini, okuhlanganisa imishini yokumba nokucubungula, izinsiza zokufaka, izinto zokweseka ezokumba, amathuluzi okufaka nokugcina, imigqa yokukhiqiza yezimayini zokucubungula, njll.
I-SBM ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokwakhiwa kwezokwakhiwa, ukufakwa nokwethulwa kwemaphrojekthi yezinjiniyela yokumba. Ubulunga bezeMvelo bufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwezinsiza zezimayini, ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zokucubungula imayini, nezinye izinsiza eziyisisekelo zokwakha.
Ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqinisekisa okuphelele kokuphathwa kanye nezinsizakalo zephrojekthi yezehlakalo zokumba, noma ukuphathwa nezinsizakalo ezinyathelweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kukadizayina, ukuphathwa kokuthengwa, ukuphathwa kokwakhiwa, nokuphathwa kokungenisa.
Ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende, ukuhlinzeka ngenselelo ephelele yokusebenza kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphatha zonke izinhlobo zemigodi. Ukwakha isikhungo esiyingqayizivele nesiphelele sezinsizakalo zokumadubula emhlabeni jikelele ngokwezidingo zezakhamuzi ukuze kuhanjiswe ukuhlola nokubonisana kwezobuchwepheshe, izingcezu eziphumile nezokusetshenziswa kwemigodi, izinsizakalo zokuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa kanye nezinsizakalo zokwandisa amaphrojekthi, njll.
Izixazululo zokubhaliweyo zedijithali ze-SBM zingathuthukisa ukusebenza, ukhuseleko nokuqhubeka kwemisebenzi ye-project. Ukufinyelela idatha nenganekwane yansuku zonke kusivumela ukuthi sithathe izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha, ukunakekelwa okuqikelelwe nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yokubhaliweyo.
Sicelaugcwalise ifomu elingezansi, futhi singahlangabezana nakho konke okudingayo okuhlanganisa ukukhetha izinto, ukwakha izinhlelo, ukwesekwa kwezemishini, noma insiza ngemuva kokuthengisa. Sizokuthinta ngokushesha okukhulu.