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Imiqondiso yokukhiqiza i-sand eyenziwe yi-machine i-VU120 eShijiazhuang
Kwakhiwe, kwenziwe futhi kwakhiwe yi-I-SBM, leli qanda le-VU120 lokuqamba lesihlabathi eShijiazhuang laqalwa ngoFebhuwari 2015. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukungabikho komhlabathi wemvelo, ekuvikeleniImvelo nasekuthuthukiseni izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kanye nezigodlo eziluhlaza.
Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo oluphakeme oluhle kakhulu lwezindlu ezigcwele ezifana newayini kuhlanganisa uhlelo oluphezulu lokukhiqiza uthuli, ukulungiswa kwesimo socezu, ukulawulwa komhlaba wamatshwayo, ukulungiswa kokuhlelwa, ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, okuwusizo ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlelweni kwezinkomba ezifana nesimo socezu, ukuhlukaniswa, okuqukethwe kwamanzi nokukhuphuka kobukhulu ukuze usawoti oshayelwe ngomshini singathatha indawo ephelele je nqubhe yemvelo ekulungiseleleni okwenziwe ngesandla kokhonkolo ne-mortar. Ukusebenza komshini wokwenza usawoti kuphuculwa, futhi kungagcinwa inani elikhulu le-cement ne-additives.
Inani Lokusebenza Kwemiyalelo
Kusukela ekukhulumiseni Izindinganiso Zomkhiqizo Wecementi Olungelwe Ngomshini-Omkhulu Wokuthuthukiswa Kwumlotha ngurhulumente waseChina wokuhlanganisa IziNdlu nemiDolobho (MHURC) ngo-1973, umlotha olungelwe ngomshini uthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa komlotha olungelwe ngomshini kuthonjelwa kakhulu yimiyalelo yokulawula okukhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, umsebenzi wokuqalisa kwamazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Inani Lezimo Zesimo
Izindleko zokumba usanda bemvelo ziyakhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuthi inani lajwayelekile lincipha ngoba kube nokumba okweqile. Usanda bemvelo aluyona insiza yomlando, ngakho ukuze kugcinwe indawo yemvelo, kuvinjelwe ukuthuthwa kwemifudlana, futhi kugcinwe ibhalansi yemvelo, ukuwona usanda bemvelo sekumisiwe kwezinye izifunda.
Ngokwemibandela nezingqikithi, izinkampani ezithile ezibalulekile ziyezavunyelwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezakhiwa ngemishini zekhanda, ukuze zivikele indawo yaseShijiazhuang eHebei.
Umqukeli owenziwa yi-VU uyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-GB/T14684 ne-JGJ52. Umqukeli ungasetyenziswa ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzi. Umholo wokuchichima ungabangelwa phakathi kuka-2.0-3.5; umqukeli unezinga lokuqukatha iziqhebe ezingu-3-15%.
| Ubukhulu Bemisindo | Ikhanda Lokwakha 1 | Ikhanda Lokwakha 2 | Ikhanda Locekethe 1 | Umngcelele wendawo oqiniswe ngesihlabathi. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhlangano yokuhlola inani. | Inhlanganiso yokulinganisa yokuhlola | Inhlangano yokuhlola inani. | Inhlanganiso yokulinganisa yokuhlola | Inhlangano yokuhlola inani. | Inhlanganiso yokulinganisa yokuhlola | Inhlangano yokuhlola inani. | Inhlanganiso yokulinganisa yokuhlola | |
| 4.75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10% | 0% |
| 2.36 | 9.5% | 9.5% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 25% | 0% |
| 1.18 | 26.8% | 36.3% | 27.6% | 32.9% | 22.0% | 25.5% | 50% | 10% |
| 0.6 | 22.9% | 59.3% | 23.7% | 56.6% | 24.5% | 50.0% | 70% | 41% |
| 0.3 | 17.8% | 77.1% | 19.2% | 75.8% | 18.5% | 68.5% | 92% | 70% |
| 0.15 | 14.6% | 91.7% | 15.5% | 91.3% | 17.5% | 86.0% | 94% | 80% |
| 0.075 | 3.9% | 95.6% | 4.5% | 95.8% | 9.3% | 95.3% | -- | -- |
| Isiqalo | 4.4% | 100% | 4.2% | 100% | 4.7% | 100% | -- | -- |
| Izinga lokuqina | 2.74 | 2.61 | 2.33 | |||||
Ukuze kuhlangabezane nesidingo esikhuphukayo sesihlabathi sekhwalithi ephezulu nokufunwa kokusebenza kwekonthrekthi ne-mortar, i-I-SBM ichithe iminyaka emi-5 ithuthukisa uhlelo i-VU System endaweni yesivivinyo ekhethekile sokwenza ngcono ama-agregate lapho linamava angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu kulo mboni.
Uhlelo lwe-VU I-Aggregate Optimization System luwuhlelo oluklanyelwe ukukhiqiza usawoti we-mishini osezingeni eliphezulu, olwehlisa izinkinga kumakhono okukhiqiza usawoti, okuhlanganisa ukugqwala, ukugaya nokuhlukanisa.
Ngenhlobonhlelo elilandelayo, i-VU I-Aggregate Optimization System yayiphinde ihlangabezane ngokuphelele nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza i-sand eyenziwe yi-machine yomthengi.
------Ukusebenza okuphezulu kokukhiqiza i-sand
Isizukulwane esisha semishini yokwenza usimende i-Umphunga womhlabathi weVU making machine siqala ukuqaphela ubuchwepheshe bokugayeka okubandakanya "ukushaya itshe ngoshaywa njalo" kanye "nomoya wezinto". Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-VSI sand making machine, uhlelo lwe-VU lwandisa izinga lesihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi esincane ngaphezu kuka-10%.
-----Ukusebenza Okuphezulu
Inhlanganisela yokuphahlaza, ukuhluza nokuhlukanisa uthuli, isikrini singaqeda ukuhlunga kwezinto nokususwa kukadoti lweziro ngezikhathi ezifanayo ngenxa yokufanisa okuphelele, ukususa uthuli kusetshenziswa ingcindezi engemihle nokuhlunga okulinganayo.
-----Ukuguqulwa nokulawulwa
Umthamo womoya nomoya ophuma emnyango wokugeza bangakwazi ukuhlela ngokunembayo okuqhubekayo okuku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokushintsha isihlungi sesikrini nezinye izingxenye. Ubukhazikhazi bembiza yekhothoni yokugcina buyalawuleka phakathi kuka-2.5-3.2; okuqukethwe kukapuripuri phakathi kuka-3-15%.
-----Ukwenza okulungile kwezimo zezicucu
Ukulingisa isimiso sokwakheka komhlaba wemvelo, umshini wamukela ubuchwepheshe obunqaba emhlabeni wonke be-"ukugqekeza okuncane kwamandla kanye nokuhlanza" kanye ne-"ukuzilungisa ngokwehla kwento," okungasusa kahle imiphetho elisekhoneni lomkhiqizo wokugcina futhi kwakhe ivolumu yesihlabathi esincane cishe ku-0.6 mm. Ubuningi bokungena emkhathini buyancipha i-1–2%, nesikhathi sokugeleza sincishwe ngo-5%.
------Ixabiso ephansi
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugqoka obuqondisiwe bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi bunwebisa isikhathi sokuphila izingxenye ezithambile (ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, isikhashana sokuphila saphezulu izikhathi eziyishumi zokuhlabana kwezinto).
Ukwakhiwa kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kuqinisekisa ukuhlala komswakama wamanzi okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe umswakama weqhwa lokugcina kanye nobumdala obunexabiso, futhi kugwenywe ukuhlukaniswa.
------Greener
Ukusetshenziswa komfaka uthuli onogqumayo ongasemoyeni kanye nokusebenza okuvaliwe kubonisa uthuli oluncane nokungcoliswa, kuvumelana ngokuphelele nemigomo kazwelonke yokwakha "eyiluhlaza".
------Okwengeziwe Okwengqondo
Uklamo lokuhlola ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokukhululwa kwezinto ezingaphansi kwe-ore bin kwenza kube nokugcina nokuhambisa izinto eziningi ngokucindezela inkinobho. Kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wabasebenzi nezindleko zokusebenza.
------Ukusebenza Okusezingeni Nesimangaliso
Imisebenzi yokulawula nokulandelela imishini yonke ihlanganiswe esimisweni sokugcina esikhulu, okwenza inqubo yokusebenza ibe lula kakhulu futhi kuqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphephile, okuqhubekayo nokuqinile.
------Ukuphumelela Okuphakeme
Ukusetha nokugcina izilungiselelo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu kuyatholakala. Futhi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo iyazinza. Lesi sistimu singakhuphula ukukhiqiza kakhulu futhi sigcine ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa nokubunjwa yi-VU Isihlabathi-making Crusher, amanzi angaphansi kuka-10mm njengempahla yezimbiwa ahlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezintathu ngaphansi kokusebenza kwe-FM Control Screen kanye ne-Dust Collector--- uphahla lwezibulo, izinto eziyibuyisela emuva kanye nomkhiqizo wesihlabathi okuphelele. Uhpahla lwezibulo luqoqwa yi-Dust Collector futhi lugcinwa ku-fine ore bin ngenkathi umkhiqizo wesihlabathi okuphelele ungena ku-Particle Shape Optimization Machine ukuze wenziwe ngokwengeziwe bese uthathwa isinyathelo sokugcina sokucubungula --- ukuhlanganisa endaweni emanzi. Ukuhlinzekwa yi-VU I-Aggregate Optimization System, impahla yezimbiwa ingashintshwa ibe yisihlabathi esiphezulu yekhwalithi enokugeleza okufanele, umumo othambile kanye nomthamo kashukela olungaphansi, nokhuni olomile, oluhlanzekile, oluphinde lusetyenziswe futhi lwesimbi lwezibulo oluphakeme (izinkambu zokusebenza zincipa ngezimpahla ezingaphakathi).
Uhlelo Lokwenza I-Optimize ye-VU I-Aggregate---- uhlelo lwezinga lomhlaba lokuklama udaka oluthulelwe yi-I-SBM lokukhiqiza udaka olwenziwe ngemishini lweShijiazhuang Hengxin Jinshuo Construction Material Company luthuthukiswe ngokugcwele kususelwe kohlelo olukhona lokuklama udaka oluthulelwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo eziphezulu, ezinobunjalo obovali obuhlala ngokuphelele, kuhilela uhlelo lokukhiqiza udaka olusebenza kahle, ukulungiswa kwesimo saqu, ukulawulwa komhlabathi wepoda, ukulungiswa kokuhlukanwa, ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwamanzi nokuvikela imvelo. Akugcini nje ngokuthi ukukhiqiza kungakhula kakhulu, kodwa nokuhambisana namazinga wonke okubandakanya ukuma kwepoda, ukwahlukaniswa kanye nokuqukethwe kukapoda kuthuthukiswa ngendlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwedaka olwenziwe ngemishini kungafezwa neledaka lemvelo, kuze kube namathuba amasha nenani ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zedaka, sensekethe nokhonkolo.
Ukukhuseleka Okuphezulu Kwendawo
A. Ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo: Ukuhamba kwezithuthi okuphelele okuphrintiwe kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nomklamo wokususwa komoya ochithile odonsa ukungcola uvimbela ukuphuma komsindo emikhakheni yokukhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokuhlunga obungamanzi obuqukethe ukusetshenziswa komkhathi omile kugwema ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile namathumbu.
B. Ukusebenza kwemvelo: Umshini Wokulawula Izinga Lokugeleza Kwamanzi（ukukhetha）ugcina izinga lamanzi emikhiqizo ashidi ephelile isifanele futhi uvimbela ukukhuphuka komoya omuncu. Ukuphathwa kwesitoreji sekhothoni kanye nokuklama kokukhululeka okuphothulwe okuzenzakalelayo kwezinto ezikhishwa kuhloswe ukuvimbela ukudiliza ukhukhwini ngemva kokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli nokwahlukanisa obomvu buqhubeka bugcina ubumnandi nokuhlanzeka kwekhadi, kwenza kube lula ukwelapha nokusetshenziswa okuphelele.
Ukuphumelela okuphezulu
A. Ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo: Ukuqamba okusha okuphelele kwezobuchwepheshe bokuphahlazeka nokugaya kwandisa izinga lokukhiqiza ibhande ngaphezu kwe-10%. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ngokomile obuhlanganisiwe bukhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa, futhi umhlabathi wokuhlunga ungancipha ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko. Ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kwekhemikhali okukodwa nokusetshenziswa okungcono kwezobuchwepheshe kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukagesi nokwenza inani lokusebenza lube nge-5-10%.
B. Ukusebenza kahle: Umklamo osetshenziswa kakhulu ofana nophahla ophakeme ukhulula indawo encane yomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, indawo engu-7.5m×24m ingafaka ingxenye yomzimba we-VU70. Umklamo omusha wokulwa nokugqwala nokuvuselelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuthuthukisa impilo yengxenye ezinzima yokugqoka futhi kwehlisa kakhulu isikhathi sokulungisa. Uhlelo olulawulwayo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nomklamo wokulungisa ku-inthanethi kungalungisa izilungiselelo zohlelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi nokukhipha kwemikhiqizo eyisiqedaphunga nokunciphisa umsebenzi.
Ukukhanya Okuphezulu
A. Ukuhlukaniswa okulingene: ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kokugqwala nokuwasha kanye nokuklama okuguquguqukayo kokuhlunga kwenza ukuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo wesihlabathi oprini uyaqhubeka, kuguquguquka futhi kulawulwa. Isihlabathi esincane phakathi kuka-0.15-0.6mm siyanda ngokushesha kanti isihlabathi esikhulu esinezinga lokungena phakathi kuka-2.36-4.75mm siya kancane. Ukuhlukaniswa kuhambisana ne-standards yase-America i-ASTMC33, izinga lesibili le-standards zase-China i-JGJ52 kanye ne-standards yase-India i-IS383.
B. Isimo sesithako esithambile: Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugaya nokubumba izinto obugcizelele ngokugcwele obuhlobene nesihlabani sesimende esikumaqokobwazi namahhadla esiyisikwele. Amazinzane asezindaweni zomhlabathi ayancipha kakhulu. Okwesibili, indawo engaphandle kanye nokuphuma kwezikhala kuyancipha ngokusobala futhi ukusungulwa kokugeleza kuyakhuphuka.
C. Okuqukethwe kwepoda okulawulwayo: ubuchwepheshe bokususa upoda bohlobo obomile buhlala buhamba kahle futhi bulawulwayo phakathi kuka-3-15% okuqukethwe kwepoda egcinwe kumkhiqizo wesihlabathi osembozwe (0-0.15mm). Upoda lwesihlabathi olumsulwa noluhlanzekile olutholwa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa yomile lungaphinde lusetshenziswe.
Inzuzo Enkulu
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu kwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kagesi ngo-5-10% kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi ngo-40%. Utshalomali olwesikhathi esisodwa lungonga izindleko ngaphezulu kuka-30% uma liqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo efana nayo.
Ukukhuseleka Okuphezulu Kwendawo
Ukuphumelela okuphezulu
Ukukhanya Okuphezulu
Inzuzo Enkulu
Izinto eziyisisekelo ziyizicucu zamatye azihluziwe kakhulu eziqukethe ubukhulu obungu-0-5mm no-5-10mm. Usawolwandle lwamatye olungama-0–5mm ngaphambi kokusebenza luthinta ikhono le-4 yuan nge-toni, kuyilapho usawolwandle lwangaphambili oluqediwe ngomatshini oluhle luyizi-45 yuan nge-toni, nenani lezincibilikisi liye laphezulu ngo-40 yuan nge-toni.
Impembelelo yomkhiqizo wesihlabathi sekhonkco elenziwe yi-VU120 I-Aggregate Optimization System iyona engcono kakhulu kunesihlabathi semvelo.
Isihlabathi esenziwe yi-VU system singasusa ngokuphelele isihlabathi semvelo ukulungiselela i-C20-C60 concrete kanye nalokunye okumangalisayo. Isihlabathi esenziwe yi-machine sinamandla amakhulu, izindleko ezifinyelela ezingqonini eziningi futhi singanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwecementi kanye nokunye okungeziwe.
| Isihlabathi | Ukulinganisa | Ukugcwala | Isimo solimi | Amangqamuzana | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iqembu lesihlabathi nesement | Isinqumli sesimanzi | Umqondo/Isiqalo se-T/K | Ngemuva kwesikhathi sehora elilodwa | Ukubhala isimo | 7d | 28d | |
| Umphunga womhlabathi | 0.38 | 1.42% | 235/490 | 185/390 | Isimo esihle nokukhuluka | 24.9 | 42.3 |
| Umphunga womhlabathi weVU | 0.38 | 1.42% | 240/495 | 180/385 | Isimo esihle nokukhuluka | 25.8 | 44.5 |
Umphunga womhlabathi oqediwe
Isithombe 01 sokulinganisela umsebenzi
Isithombe 02 sokulinganisela umsebenzi
Impendulo yomqondisi wesabelo emuva kokufakwa
Uhlelo lwe-VU lunobude obungaphezu kwamamitha angama-25. Luyisabelo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezobunjiniyela okufanele silandelwe ngokungalokothi kuphazamiseke imithetho kazwelonke yokuphepha futhi siphelelwe yisikhathi ngokulandela izidingo zemidwebo.
2. Ukulandelwa kwedatha ehambisana nesixazululo se-VU, uhlelo lokufakwa kufanele lwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokubaluleka kwengxenye ngayinye, kudingeka uhlole lokho okudingayo kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokufakwa njengezinto ezingeziwe, izinto ezidingwayo, izixazululo, izikhululo, abasebenzi kanye nesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi kanye nenani lokufakwa bese kqinisekiswa ukuthi umsebenzi uphelile ngesikhathi.
3. Abasebenzi abangu-10-20 bayadingeka ukuze bakhe ithimba lokufakwa. Futhi kumele babe nexenye iminyaka engaphezu kwesibili emkhakheni wemishini nensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokuqeqeshwa ngokuphepha, banezwi eliqinile lokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhono ahlobene kumele aqondwe kahle. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, kumele bazigqoke yonke imishini yokuzivikela efana nezingubo zomsebenzi, amabhomu okuphepha, izicathulo zokuphepha neminyenti. Imihlangano ephathelene nokuphepha nezidingo zekhwalithi ibanjwa kusengaphambili futhi umthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenza uyabelwa umuntu ngamunye. Inqubekela phambili yephrojekthi nemikhakha ephathelene nayo kuzothathwa usuku nosuku futhi kuqhutshelelwa nemihlangano ejwayelekile yephrojekthi.
Imiphumela Yabathengi
Iphrojekthi esebenzisa amatshe notshwayo lwengidi ukwenza iraba yekhwalithi ephezulu yalethwa yi-I-SBM. I-I-SBM inikeze kokubili imishini kanye nensizakalo yokufakwa. Inqubo yonke yokufakwa impumelele futhi uhlelo lwe-VU120 lwafakwa emshinini ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukusebenza kwakungashintshi kahle ngokuzinzile futhi kwakungasebenzi ngomsindo omncane futhi kunganawo umoya omningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela eziveliswe ekukhiqizweni okuyiyayichwepheshe kwadala imikhiqizo ebalulekile elethe inzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho.
Kusukela ekukhulumiseni Izindinganiso Zomkhiqizo Wecementi Olungelwe Ngomshini-Omkhulu Wokuthuthukiswa Kwumlotha Ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-sandu ye-mashini yi-Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction yase-China ngo-1973, i-sandu ye-mashini yathuthukiswa kakhulu. Kusukela emkhakheni wokwakha kuye emgwaqweni, esitimela, emanzini nasemandleni, emikhakheni ye-metallurgy, kusukela emisebenzini yokuvimba nokulondoloza kuye ezigabeni, ematyuneni nasemisebenzini yamanzi, kusukela esikaleni sokusika kuye e-concreti evamile, i-concreti ekumelelwe ngayo, i-concreti elokolwazi, i-concreti ye-pump, i-concreti eyihlombe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-bolting ne-shotcrete, i-sandu ye-mashini ingabonakala.
Ngaphansi kokuvikeleka kwezinsiza zemvelo kanye nokunyuka kwekhwalithi yokwakha, usinki owenziwe ngekhompyutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uba yisihluthulelo somqumbo womthofu ococekileyo. Usinki owenziwe ngekhompyutha njengezinto ezintsha zokwakha zomthofu ococekileyo uneqhaza elikhulu ekusebenziseni ngokuhlanganyela kwezinsiza.
Ukukhulu: Kucubungulwe ngama-jaw crushers amadala, izinsimbi ezinkulu ziqheqeshwa futhi zihlolwe ngokuthi ziqeqeshwe nezinhlayiya eziqeqeshwe kakhulu kanye nezinhlayiya ezinamandla ezivelele, ezivela futhi ukungalingani okukhulu.
Izindleko eziphezulu: Ngokuphambana okungapheli kokumba amatye, izinsiza zesihlabathi ziyancipha futhi ziyancipha. Izidingo zidlula izinsiza zikahhadi ukuze intengo yempahla inyuke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa nokusebenza kwekhwalithi yesihlabathi akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa, ilabhorethri kufanele ilungiselele ngokushesha inhlangano yemix azikho njalo, okuvame ukuhlobana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwekhemikhali. Futhi khona-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza ziyenyuka.
Iziphutha zezobuchwepheshe: Ngoba ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuphonga, ukuhlunga, nokususa uthuli ngokuwasha buncane kakhulu, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yesihlabathi ephelile ayiphumi ezimfunekweni ohlangothini olulodwa futhi indlela yokuphatha amanzi angcolile namasula iyinkinga ohlangothini olungaphezulu.
Ukukhukhumeka okukhulu kwesihlabathi
Isiluleko