ສະຫຼຸບ:ຄູ່ມືນີ້ສຳລັບສິດເຄື່ອງສໍາຄັນ 7 ສໍາລັບສະະພໍດິກ, ຈາກລູກບິນຖີມແລະລູກບິນຄະນິ່ງໃຫ້ສ່ອງພາຍໃນສະຖານນັ່ນ ແລະທີ່ເບິ່ງສຶພິອະນັນສວຍສວັງ, ສໍາລັບສົງສໍາທະລົບສະພໍດິກແລະການຂະຕ່າຄັ່ນໄຜໃໝ່.
, , . , : jaw crushers, cone crushers, ball mills, hydrocyclones, flotation machines, magnetic separators and thickeners. , , , , .
1. ເຄື່ອງບົດກະບອກ: ການບົດຂັ້ນຕົ້ນ
Function and Role:ມັນເຄື່ອງບົດກະດູກກະດູກແມ່ນບັນດາສິນສໍາຄັນໃນການປະຕິບັດງານສາຍສະສົບ (ການສໍາລົບຂະບາຍ). ເປົ່າເຫດຂອງມັນແບບສົດແລະໂງງງໍຂອງຄວາມສົບຊິນຄືສາຍສະສົບໃນມິດ. ເພື່ອຮັບລະດັບສິນຂາຍທີ່ໃຫຍ່ສຸດຂອງຊ່ວງຄັດຕິບົດຂອງຮູບເລຎ (ROM) ທີ່ສາມາດຈະເບິ່ງໃນຄວາມກວ່າ ສົບເພື່ອສົບເຄັດເຂຳປາເພື່ອລະດັບໃນຊ່ວງການຕັດແລ້ວ.
How it Works:ການຕັດແລ້ວແບບຈິງຈິງກໍໍແບບແສດຫາຍງ ຈັດຕັ້ງທີ່ບັນສິນຂອງຄີວິປິຈູດຕໍ່ອອກ. ແມ່ນນ້ອມທີ່ໃສ່ບົດການສິນໃນໃຈຄວາມສົບຊິນໃສ່ຢ່ານຂຸນຮູບເພ່ຍຜົນຄັດແບບ. ໄດ້ຮັບແບບການຍ້ອນອອກຈາກຊິນໍ່ໝ່ວມຂອງຈະຊົມາຊິນ ให່ປອດຈິບອນສ່ອງໃນສອກລະດັບດິນຂອງທ້າທິດ.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:Its simplicity, rugged construction, and ability to handle hard, abrasive, and highly variable feed with minimal pre-processing make it the undisputed champion of primary crushing. It is a low-maintenance, high-availability machine that sets the stage for all downstream processes. No other crusher is as reliable for the primary duty of handling raw, uncrushed ore.
2. Cone Crusher: Secondary and Tertiary Crushing
Function and Role:Following the jaw crusher, theເຄື່ອງທຸບເຂັມtakes over for secondary (and often tertiary) crushing. Its job is to further reduce the ore size to a finer product, typically between 10 mm and 40 mm, suitable for feeding grinding mills.
How it Works: Ore is fed into the top of a conical chamber. Inside, a motor-driven mantle gyrates within a stationary concave bowl liner. The gyration creates a compressive force that crushes the rock between the mantle and the bowl liner. The gap between the mantle and concave determines the product size.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:Cone crushers offer a remarkable combination of high capacity, fine product size, and low operating costs for their duty. Modern hydroset systems allow operators to adjust the crusher setting under load, optimizing product size and throughput in real-time. They are the most efficient crushers for hard and abrasive ores in intermediate crushing stages.
3. ເຄື່ອງບິນລາດ: ໃຈກາຍຂອງການປ່ອນໃນລະບຽບການຂີ່
Function and Role:ຖ້າການລົບກໍ່ຈັກກໍ່ກໍ່ສໍໍ ການຂີ່ກໍ່ກໍ່ຄວາມແບ່ງອອກ. ກິດຊັນຂອງເຄື່ອງບິນລາດແມ່ນການບໍ່ຈັກເຊົ່າຂອງຮູບປະເພດສູງຂອງສະດ້ວຍຊັບສົມ (ໃຕ້ 0.1 ມມ). ຂະບວນການນີ້ແມ່ນສໍາຄັນເພື່ອແຍກສິນທຸກທີ່ມີຄ່າອອຍຝິງອອກຈາກແຄັງບໍ່ລົບຂໍ້ບອກການ (ເທົ່າສິ່ນສະເພາະ).
How it Works:Aball millແມ່ນພາກສໍລາຄືນມິດແລ້ວສົນບັດຂອງສິນຕິລະມິດທີ່ສໂງຂອງການບິນລາດ. ສິນສະທອຍແມ່ນແອບຟິນັມດອຍລູກເຂຍປັວວະຄົບໄອດັດ. ຂະໜາດຊົໄວນຄືນຊາບຕັດຄູດວໍ່ຈິດໝັກຄົນໄອຎະອິເນມຳ້ມາຍ່າ້ບິດ.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:Grinding is the single most energy-intensive step in mineral processing, often consuming over half of a plant's total energy. The ball mill is the workhorse of this stage due to its reliability, ability to achieve a very fine product, and flexibility in handling a wide variety of ore types.
4. Hydrocyclone: The Efficient Classifier
Function and Role:Grinding is inefficient if not controlled. A hydrocyclone is a classification device used in a closed circuit with a ball mill. Its purpose is to separate the mill's discharge into two products: a coarse "underflow" that needs further grinding and a fine "overflow" that is sufficiently liberated and ready for separation.
How it Works:The ore slurry is pumped tangentially into the conical hydrocyclone under pressure. This creates a violent centrifugal vortex. Denser and coarser particles are thrown to the walls and spiral downwards to the underflow apex. Finer, less dense particles are carried towards the center and exit through the top vortex finder as overflow.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:Hydrocyclones have no moving parts, are cheap to install and operate, and can process vast volumes of slurry. They are the primary tool for controlling product size from the grinding circuit, ensuring that energy is not wasted by over-grinding already liberated particles.
5. Flotation Machine: The Master of Selective Separation
Function and Role:Froth flotation is the most widely used method for separating valuable minerals from gangue. It is exceptionally versatile and can be tuned to separate specific minerals from others based on their surface chemistry.
How it Works:Fine ore slurry from grinding is treated with specific reagents that make the desired mineral particles hydrophobic (water-repelling) and others hydrophilic (water-attracting). Air is bubbled through the conditioned pulp. Hydrophobic particles attach to the air bubbles and rise to form a froth layer at the top of the cell, which is skimmed off as concentrate. Hydrophilic particles remain in the slurry and are discharged as tailings.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:Flotation is incredibly selective and efficient, capable of recovering extremely fine particles that other methods cannot. It is the backbone of the base metals (copper, lead, zinc), precious metals, and industrial minerals industries. The flotation machine is where chemistry and physics combine to create economic value.
6. Magnetic Separator: The Force of Attraction
Function and Role:This equipment separates minerals based on their magnetic susceptibility. It is primarily used for processing iron ores (magnetite) but is also crucial for removing magnetic impurities (e.g., iron contamination) or for separating paramagnetic minerals like ilmenite and wolframite.
How it Works:The basic design involves a rotating drum that contains a stationary array of permanent magnets or electromagnets. As the ore passes over the drum, magnetic particles are attracted and pinned to the drum surface, carrying them away from the non-magnetic particle trajectory before being released.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ: Magnetic separationis a clean, efficient, and low-cost process that requires no reagents. It is a vital primary concentration method for iron ore and an essential purification step in many other processing flowsheets, from glass sand production to recycling.
7. ສາລະພາບ: ຜູ້ປ້ອງກັນນ້ຳແລະການຈັດການຫົວພິມ
Function and Role:ບັດແລ້ວການແຍກສຽງ, ສິ່ງຄຸນນະຄູນທີ່ມີຄ່າແລະສິ່ງສົ່ງອອກທີ່ສູນໃນຮູບແບບສະລະປິ້ນທີ່ມີສ່ວນນ້ຳ 70-80%. ໜ່ວບານຈິງແມ່ນບວດໃຫ້ການແຍກສົມຊິນ-ແບບໃນເວລາທີ່ ສໍ້ດິນທີ່ຕິດດຽນບໍ່ນອນນໍ້າແດງສະຊາຍເຮັດໃຫ້ ນໍ້າຈິງຕອນສະເກົານ ສາມາດສາມະພາບໃຫ້ຄືນໄປສູ່ໂຮງງານປະລະບານ.
How it Works:ສະລະປິ້ນແມ່ນຖອນເຂົ້າໄປໃນຖານຂະໜະສະໆມາົງຢໍສະຫຼອງ. ສາລະພາບສຽງສິນຄ້າສຒບເຂົ້າເພື່ອໃຫ້ສ່ວນປໃຈລົບກັບກະຕຸຊ່ອມ. ໃສ່ສູກແກ່ພິມສອດຕີເລີ່ມວິນຢໍໄປຫາທາງໄປສູ່ບຸກໃຫ້ເພັດຕ້ອນ. ແນວໃສ່ຕົວຈິ່ນໜຍິບໃສ່ສ້າງເທື່ອງຂວດອາກາດ. ນໍ້າທຳອິດຈະເພີ່ນໄສ່ມິດໃນລັບຂວັນທີ່ເພິ່ນຂອງສິ່ງສົ່ງອອກ.
ເປັນເກີດທາງໃຈ:In an industry with an immense water footprint, thickeners are vital for water conservation and recycling, reducing freshwater intake by 80-95%. They also reduce the volume of tailings sent to storage facilities, lowering environmental risk and cost. For concentrate, thickening is the essential first step before filtration.
Of course, other important equipment is also required depending on the properties of the ore, such as:
- Vibrating screens:Used for screening and grading materials.
- Belt vacuum filters:Used to further dehydrate concentrated concentrates, producing filter cakes with lower moisture content.
- Roasting furnaces:Used to process certain specialized ores (such as gold and hematite), altering the mineral structure through heating to facilitate subsequent sorting.
However, the seven types of equipment listed here are essential core equipment for most modern mineral processing plants.
This suite of equipment functions as a synergistic system, where each unit's output optimizes the next. The sequential stages of size reduction, classification, separation, and dewatering form a continuous process loop. This intricate circuit is fundamental to transforming crude ore into a refined concentrate, making modern mining economically viable and environmentally sustainable on a global scale.
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