Summary: SONKE siyazi ukuthi kukhona izinto eziningi ezingasetshenziselwa ukungcolisa ezidinga ukunwetshwa yizimayini, ezemayini, ezamakhemikhali, ezokhonkolo nezinye izimboni....
Sonke siyazi ukuthi kunezinto eziningi zokulahla okutamele ukucutshungulwa ngemishini yokugayeza emikhakheni yemayini, yezimayini, yezamakhemikhali, kasimende nakwezinye izimboni. Njengemishini ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-aggregates, umgayi angenza umsebenzi wokuphatheka kwezinto ube lula. Kodwa ngempela siyawuqonda yini umlando womgayi?
Kusukela ensimini yokuqala yezinkathi, kwavela imishini elula yokugqibela. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lomphakathi wesintu, leli chibiyelo elilula sele lidlule ekuthuthukiseni kusuka ekwenzeni ngesandla kuya ekubeni ne-steam okuya kokuhlakanipha okubanzi komshini. Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuguqulwa kwesimanje kwezimboni kumshini wokugqoka.
Kuze kube ngomnyaka ka-2000 B.C., i-China yayinemishini emikhulu kakhulu — i-Chu Jiu, umshini omkhulu wokuhlafuna izinkomishi. Futhi yaqhubeka yaba i-pedal (200 B.C. kuya ku-100 B.C.) kamuva. Nakuba lawa mathuluzi engaqhathaniswa nezinsiza zikagesi zanamuhla, awuzange athathe umshini wokuchoboza namuhla, futhi indlela yabo yokuchoboza yayisalomaba.
I-mill enezilwane yayinye yezinsiza zokuqala zokuqhubeka zokubhula ezazisetshenziswa abantu. Enye iwukubhula ngokohlamvu (eyavela kamuva kunezilwane).
Kuze kweminyaka emibili elikhulu kamuva, ngesisekelo salezi zixhobo ezimbili, uDu Yu, umuntu waseShayina wasendulo, wakha umshini wokugoqa amanzi owenziwe ngamandla omswakama, wandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphahlazeka ngendlela entsha. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni grains, lezi zixhobo zariwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zasakazeka ekuganjeni izinsalela zezinto ezihlukene.
Isithombe sekhulu lokucisha izilwane
Ingafika ngekhulu le-19, amazwe emhlabeni wonke ayesebenzisa izindlela zangempela ezandleni zokuhlula nokuhlunga izinto. Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi kanye ubuchwepheshe, le ndlela yendabuko yezandla isukume iyaphuma ekufezeni izidingo zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.
Kodwa ukufika kwekhefu lempompo namandla kagesi kushintshe konke.
Abantu baqala ukwazi izixazululo, futhi baqala ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zokucisha nokuhlukanisa izinto ukuze zishintshe umsebenzi wabantu.
Ngesikhathi se-1806, i-roller crusher eyenziwe ngemoto ye-steam yabonakala.
Umshini wokumba weSteam-Era usakhula
Nge-1858, u-E.W. Black, waseMelika, wakha i-jaw crusher yokuthuthukisa amaqhwa.
Ithusi lokuqala lomhlaba elenzelwe nokwenziwa yi-American E.W. Blake.
Uhlobo lomumo wokugaya umlomo wobuso obuphindwe kabili (uhlobo lwe-swing olula). Njengoba unezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, kulula ukukhiqiza nokuhlanza, ukusebenza okuthembekile, usayizi omncane nobude obuncane, kusabalele lisetshenziswa ekucubunguleni izinto ezihlukahlukene, njengezinto eziyinqaba, izixazululo, ama-slags, amathuna wokwakha ne-marble.
Ngowezi-1878, amaMelika ayedale umshini wokugaya obhujiswe unompompi odonsa ngokungaphazamiseki; ukukhiqiza kwakhe akukazange kuqhathaniswe nokusebenza komshini wokugaya osono oluthukayo olunezinhlaka ezizimele.
Isiqeshana sokucindezela esenziwe yi-America
Ngo-1895, uWilliam waseMelika wenza isiqeshana sokucindezela esinamamitha aphansi.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okungapheli kwemisebenzi, isiqeshana sokucindezela esingapheli sasingakwazi ukufakaza ngokugcwele izidingo zokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, abantu bakha isiqeshana sokucindezela esinamandla ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa komshini wokuhlikiza okungena amandla kungaholelwa eminyakeni yase-1950. Ngaleso sikhathi, isakhiwo somshini wokuhlikiza sasifana nesomshini wokuhlikiza we-squirrel-cage wesimanjemanje, futhi sinamanye amaphawu wokuhlikiza okungena amandla ohlelweni nasesimweni sokusebenza.
Kuze kube yi-1924, amaJalimane kwakuqala ukwakha i-crusher yokuthinta enesondo elilodwa neliphindwe kabili.
Ngo-1942, kusukela ezicini zesakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza we-crusher ye-squirrel cage, uAnderson wachazela uchungechunge lwe-AP lwe-crusher yeesisulu ezinjengeya-impact crusher yesimanje.
I-mashine ingakwazi ukusebenza izinto ezinkulu ngokuphumelela okukhulu. Ukwakheka kwayo okulula kuyakhahlela ukulondolozwa, ngakho lolu hlobo lwe-impact crusher luye lwakha ngokushesha.
Nge-1948, inkampani yaseMelika yakha i-hydraulic cone crusher, eye sebenziselwe emikhakheni yezimboni kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
I-cone crusher yokuqala emhlabeni yaqanjwa ngabafowethu u-Symons (i-Symons cone crusher). I-spindle ifakwa ema-collars okuvalelisa okwejometri ye-eccentric futhi iqhutshwa ngama-collars okuvalelisa okwejometri ye-eccentric ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlanganisa i-cone ephakathi. Ngokuhamba phambi nangemuva kwe-liner ye-cone ephakathi, i-rock ore iyacindezelwa futhi iye iyaqhubeka nokugobisa ngaphakathi kwekamelo lokubola.
Imiqeqeshi yokucisha nge-Hydraulic I-Cone Crusher
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwemibono yokucisha kanye nokuqhubekela phambili kwesayensi kanye nethekhnoloji, izinhlobo eziningi zemiqeqeshi yokucisha ephezulu yokuqeqeshwa zivela eyodwa emva kweyezinye. Zithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokucisha.
Imikhakha ehlukene inezidingo ezahlukene zezinto ezivelisiwe ngakho-ke kuvele izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokucisha ngokuya ngemibono yokusebenza ehlukene, njenge-vibration mill, sand mill, kanye ne-colloidal mill.
Njengakuqala kweminyaka yama-1970, imiqeqeshi emikhulu yokucisha nge-gyratory enemveliso engama-5,000 tons ngehora kanye nesilinganiso sezinto ezingu-2,000 millimeters yathuthukiswa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunyakaza kwabagayi, kwaqondwa izitshalo zokuhlanza ezihambayo nezikhethekile, ezingasetshenziswa kalula futhi zenqatshwa ngokushesha endaweni, okubenza bahlukume kakhulu.
iChaina ayiqalanga ukukhiqiza ochungechunge lwezivikeli kuze kube ngeminyaka yama-1950. Izivikeli zothuli zasekhaya zazilawulwa ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi nendawo nezinzima ezifana negesi namatshe okuwuhlaza ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1980. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, i-China yethula uhlobo lwekhamera ye-KHD lwezivikeli ze-rock ehle, olugcwalisa indawo engenalutho kwezobuchwepheshe bezivikeli ekhaya. Kodwa isekhona ngemuva kwabanye abaningi ezwenikazi elithuthukile isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.
I-Domestic fixed crushing screening production line
Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwekhulu le-21, izinsiza zokugqabhuka zase-China zahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi igama phakathi kwe-China nezinga elithuthukisiwe lamazwe omhlaba laya ngokuncipha kancane. I-China isekelwe ngokuyisisekelo uhlelo olugcwele lokukhiqiza (ukukhula nokukhiqiza okuzimele) kumishini yokugqabhuka esisetshenziselwa kakhulu ezimayini, ekwakheni imigudu, ezimbonini ze-chemistry metallurgy nakwezinye izinkambu. Ngasikhathi sinye, umkhakha wezindawo zemishini yokugqabhuka uzodinga ukwamukela intuthuko entsha.
Thola Isisombululo
Thumela Umyalezo