Summary: Kufinyelele manje, njengokuthambekela okujwayelekile kokuhlinzekwa nokufuna kwemakethe yomhlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe, umuntu omele amanzi abandise ngokusebenzisa imishini unikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinsiza zokwakha imigwaqo nemikhakha eminingi enjengezakhiwo zokuhamba kwamanzi, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi kanye nogesi wokuphakelwa ngamanzi, imboni yezinto zikawoyela, njll....
Okwamanje, njengengqalasizinda ehamba phambili yokuhlinzeka nokufuna kwemakethe yesihlabani nesihlabani, isihlabani esenziwe ngemishini sinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinsiza zokwakha ingqalasizinda, ukulawula amanzi nokukhuphula amandla,
Ngezansi izici eziyisishiyagalombili mayelana nemikhawulo ye-sand eyenziwe yimishini.
Incazelo yesihlabathi esenziwe ngomshini
Ngokwezindinganiso zezwe, yonke i-sand eyenziwe yimishini kanye ne-sand ehlangene, ezilungiswe ngokukhishwa komhlabathi, ziqoshwe njenge-sand yemvelo. Ukucaciswa okukhethekile kwe-sand eyenziwe yimishini kuyinto yezinto ezincane zeqhwa ezinengakanani ephansi kwe-4.75mm, eyenziwe ngokucindezelwa kwemekhanikhi nokuhlola, kodwa ayikho iqhwa elikhulu nelingcolile.
2. izilungiselelo zomquba wegesi owenziwa ngemishini
Okwamanje, isihlabathi esenziwe sibunjwa ngokuyinhloko isihlabathi somaphakathi-okuthambile, ubukhulu befomu bokunwebeka buphakathi kuka-2.6 no-3.6, ukuhlela okungaphakathi kokushintsha, futhi kuqukethe inani elikhulu lepholiso lamatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusala kwesikrini esingu-150 μm sekunyuke kakhulu, okusala kwesikrini okusele kuyinsimbi yesicaba noma yendawo okhanyayo, nomphumela onzima, imiphetho ewusizo.
Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yemithombo ehlukene yamafutha okwenziwa kwesihlabathi esenziwe ngomshini kanye nemishini nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza nokucubungula, uhlobo lwezinhlayiya nokugawulwa kwesihlabathi esenziwe ngomshini kungaba nokwehluka okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izihlabathi ezenziwe ngomshini ziqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu lamathambo afana nezinti, futhi uhlobo lwezinhlayiya zayo lwubanzi kokubili emaphethelweni nasekuphakathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphela ihambisana nazo zonke izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zesihlabathi sokufakelwa ezibhalwe kumazinga kazwelonke, zingasetshenziswa kwingaphakathi le-concrete nomshini wokwakha.
Abangahlangabezani nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zomgangatho wesihlabathi sokufakelwa kazwelonke kufanele bangasetshenziselwa ngokushesha, ngoba umzimba wegobolondo nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlabathi sokufakelwa kungalungiswa futhi kuthuthukiswe. Lezi zici ezingenhla zesihlabathi esimaphakathi zilungiselelwa ngokulungisa isilinganiso sesihlabathi esenziwe ngemishini.
Izindinganiso zethuli elenziwe yimishini zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezine ngokusekelwe ku-finess modulus (Mx): elikhulu, elingqongqo, elincane kanye nelincane kakhulu:
I-modulus wokunemba kwesihlabathi esikhulu yi: 3.7-3.1, futhi usayizi wephutha lwepheshana lukhulu kune-0.5 mm;
Imininingwane ye-fineness modulus yesihlabathi esiphakathi iyona: 3.0-2.3, usayizi wehlangothi lwezakhiwo oluphakathi u-0.5 mm-0.35 mm;
Umlingano wokulinganisa ukhulu lwomfutho oqeqeshwe yi-fine sand yi 2.2-1.6, kanti isikali esingaphezulu sezithakazelo yimilimitha 0.35-0.25;
Umlingano wokulinganisa ukhulu lwomfutho oqeqeshwe yi-extra-fine sand yi 1.5-0.7, kanti isikali esingaphezulu sezithakazelo singaphansi kwemilimitha 0.25;
Umlingano wokulinganisa ukhulu oqeqeshwe yi-sand, oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand, oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand, oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand, oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand, kanti umlingano wokulinganisa ukhulu oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand, kanti umlingano wokulinganisa ukhulu oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand oqeqeshwe yi-sand.
3. Ukuhlolwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kommililo owenziwe ngomshini
Izinga: Izinga lomfutho owenziwe yimishini lihlukaniswe ziyizigaba ezintathu: I, II, no III ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuhlakanipha.
Use:
I-santi iqoqwa yi-Class I iyasebenza ekwakheni i-concreti enamakhwaliti amakhulu kunamakhwaliti e-C60;
I-santi iqoqwa yi-Class II iyasebenza ekwakheni i-concreti enamakhwaliti e-C30-C60 kanye nokukhuseleka kwe-frost, ukungavumeli ukungena kwamanzi noma eminye imfuneko;
I-santi iqoqwa yi-Class III iyasebenza ekwakheni i-concreti nama-mortar wokwakha enamakhwaliti amancane kunamakhwaliti e-C30.
4. Izidingo sesihlabathi esenziwe ngokushaywa ngomshini
Usayizi wepheshili wefeku lomshini ungaphakathi kuka-4.75-0.15mm, futhi kukho umkhawulo othile wokulinganisa ukuthungwa kwechiza lezimbiwa ezincane ngaphansi kuka-0.075mm. Usayizi bamaqanda buliwa, yi-4.75, 2.36, 1.18, 0.60, 0.30, kanye no-0.15. Usayizi wepheshili kufanele ube ngohlale, futhi ngayinye kufanele ibe nesisindo esithile. Uhlobo lweqanda kumele lube yisikwele, futhi kuthinta izingqinamba ezithile ngokuphila kokuqukatha kwepheshili yepende nepheshili elibukhali.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya zomatshe okwenziwe yimishini
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya zomatshe kubhekisela ekulinganiseni kwezinhlayiya zomatshe. Uma kuyimatshe enezinhlayiya ezingaphezulu, isikhala phakathi kwazo siyakhulu; uma kulinganiswa izinhlayiya zomatshe ezimbili ezahlukene, isikhala phakathi kwazo siyancipha; uma kulinganiswa izinhlayiya zomatshe ezintathu ezahlukene, isikhala siyancipha. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukukhula komatshe kuncike ekuhambelane kwesakhiwo sezinhlayiya zomatshe. I-sand eyi-well-graded ayigcini kuphela isamente, kodwa futhi iphonsa phansi ukugcwala nokuqina kwamaconcreti namamortar.
6. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza ubumba bobhango obwenziwe ngemishini
Izinto ezingavami ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni usilika lwezingcingo ezikhiqizwe ngomshini ngokuvamile ziyi-granite, basalt, ithheyiphi lochibi, itshe le-cobblestone, andesite, rhyolite, diabase, diorite, itshe le-sandstone, i-limestone, nezinye izinhlobo. Usilika olwakhiqizwa ngomshini olukhethiwe ngokohlobo lwezindlu, olunamandla ahlukene nokusetshenziswa okwehlukene.
Izidingo zesimo sesimo sommbila wesihlabathi senziwa ngemishini
Itsimbi zokwakha ezinamaqhaza athambile ambalwa zinemikhawulo eqinile kwezilinganiso zamaqhekeza ezimpushana. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi amaqhekeza ayisikwele anemicandumbe namagxalaba, angadlala indima yokuphakamisa phakathi kwamaqhekeza. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqhekeza ayisikwele abonisa ukuncikisa okukhulu kunamaqhekeza aluhlaza, aluhlaba futhi athambile, futhi anendawo ehlukahlukene engaphezulu ngokwedlulele.
8. Izici zesihlabathi senjini senziwa ngesixhobo
Izici zekhonkrithi ekudalwe ngosodo lomshini: ukuwa kwe-slump kuncishisiwe nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla ajwayelekile ekhonkrithini ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-28; uma i-slump igcinwa ingashintshi, izidingo zamanzi ziyakhula. Kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yokungangezi ugodo, uma isilinganiso samanzi nogodo silwa saziwa, amandla omkhathi wekhonkrithi awakwazi ukwehla.
Uma ukuhlela kwezinkonkoni kufezwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yesihlabathi semvelo, isihlabathi sokwenziwa sinezimfuno eziphezulu zamanzi, umsebenzi omncane wokusebenza, futhi sithambekele ekugelezeni, ikakhulukazi ku-concrete enamandla aphansi ye-cement aphansi; nokho, uma ukuhlela kwezinkonkoni kulungiselelwe ngokuhambisana nezici zesihlabathi sokwenziwa, ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwepoda lesihlabathi sokwenziwa nokulungisa isilinganiso sosihlabathi salo, kungalungiselelwa i-concrete enomsebenzi omuhle wokusebenza.
Indlela yokulinganisa izingxenye zekhonkrithi evamile, imithetho yokulinganisa izingxenye zekhonkrithi evamile, isebenza ngokuphelele kwesihlabathi esenziwe yimishini. Isihlabathi esenziwe yimishini esifanelekayo kakhulu sokwenza ikhonkrithi sihlanganisa i-fineness modulus phakathi kuka-2.6 no-3.0 kanye ne-gradation ye-class II.
Iziqondiso zokuhlola izihlabathi ezenziwe ngemishini
Izwe liqeqeshwe izindinganiso zokuhlola i-fine aggregate, futhi izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola zihlanganisa: umthamo oqondile oqhathaniswayo, ukuqinile, ukuba khona kwemhlabathi, i-sand equivalent, i-methylene blue value, i-angularity, njll.
Thola Isisombululo
Thumela Umyalezo