Isiphetho:Emkhathini, itshe nezandla zidlala indima ebalulekile njengezitho zokwakha futhi zibizwa ngokuthi izinto ezidibanisiwe. Izandla zibizwa ngokuthi izinto ezidibanisiwe ezimnyama kanti itshe liyinto edibanisiwe enkulu.

I-concreti ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa yizinto eziyisithupha: ① isamente, ② amanzi, ③ izinto ezidibanisiwe ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi itshe), ④ izinto ezidibanisiwe ezimnyama (ikakhulukazi izandla), ⑤ izinto ezidibanisiwe zezinto zeminerali (ikakhulukazi i-fly ash noma ezinye izinto ezidibanisiwe), ⑥ izinto ezongeziwe (njenge-expansion agent, water reducer, retarder, njll.).

Emkhathini, isamente iyinto ebalulekile kakhulu. Izinto ezidibanisiwe nezandla nazo azibalulekile.

Yini umsebenzi wezitini neqanda ekonkretini?

Emkhathini, itshe nezandla zidlala indima ebalulekile njengezitho zokwakha futhi zibizwa ngokuthi izinto ezidibanisiwe. Izandla zibizwa ngokuthi izinto ezidibanisiwe ezimnyama kanti itshe liyinto edibanisiwe enkulu.

Izitini zihlotshwe endaweni yekonkrethi evamile ukuze zenze umtapo oqinile, futhi iqanda, i-sementu kanye namanzi zihlotshwe ndawonye njenge-mortar ukuze zugcwalise imikhondo yomtapo.

I-sementu namanzi zenze i-slurry ye-sementu, eyigqokele phezu kwesakhiwo futhi igcwalise izikhala phakathi. Ngaphambi kokuba ikonkrethi iqinise, i-slurry ye-sementu, izengezo kanye nezinto ezidluliselwa zinikeze isihlanganiso isithuthukisi, zidlale indima yokunxibela, okuyinto elula kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Ngemva kokuba i-slurry ye-sementu iqinise, izitini neqanda zizokhuliswa yi-sementu zibe yi-unit eyodwa.

Ngokuvamile, itshe neqanda azithathi hlangana emkhakheni wokusebenzisana kwecementi namanzi. Imisebenzi yawo eyinhloko ukugcina i-cementi, ukunqoba umthwalo, nokuvimbela ukunciphisa kwesisekelo secementi esesimi.

Izinto ezingezisiwe nezinto ezingeziwe zingaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, kodwa futhi zikugcine i-cementi.

Izinto eziyithinta ukusebenza kwe-khonkrithi mayelana ne-itshe neqanda

1, itshe (i-aggregate enkulu)

Amandla nezinsimbi zezitshe zizokwenza ukuba kube khona amandla nokuqina kwekhonkrithi.

2, iqanda (i-aggregate encane)

Isiqulatho somhlabathi emfuleni, uhlobo lwemhlabathi olukhulu, kanye nesisindo sezinto ezilimazayo emfuleni, zizothinta amandla nezinsuku zokubeka kwakhiwo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

3, isiduli

Ukukhetha uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nenani lawo kuzothinta amandla okwakhiwo kanye nokushisa kokwakhiwa. Ukukhulu kwezinto eziphelele ezihlobene kuzothinta ngokukhulu ukukhulu kwakhiwo oluphelele.

4, amanzi

I-PH, uhlobo kanye nesiduli somkhawulo somanzi kuzothinta amandla nokukhulu kwakhiwo.

5. izengezo zeminerali (ikakhulukazi i-fly ash noma ezinye izengezo)

Izengezo ezahlukene zithinta ukusebenza kahle, i-curve yesiqiniso kanye nokubonakala kwesihlathi.

6. isiengezo (njenge-expansion agent, i-water reducing agent, i-retarder, njll.)

Uhlobo kanye nombalwa wesengezo zithinta isikhathi sokubekwa, amandla kanye nezici zomzimba zesihlaathi.

Izidingo zethekhinoliji zesihlabathi nesiqatha kwesihlathi

Izidingo zethekhinoloji zesihlabathi (isithako esihlakaniphile)

Izidingo zethekhinoloji zesithako esihlakaniphile sesihlathi zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaphakathi nemali yezithako

Ukwahlukaniswa kwamaphakathi kwesihlabathi kuqondwa njengokulinganisa okufanelekileyo kwamaphakathi amakhulu namaphansi esihlabathi. Lapho izithako ezinkulu ezahlukene zilinganiselwe kahle khona, indawo phakathi kwamaphakathi esihlabathi iyingcosana kakhulu.

Izinga lokukhuluka kwesihlabathi kuqondwa njengokukhuluka okugqamile kwesihlabathi ngemva kokuxutshwa kwamaphakathi amakhulu namaphansi ndawonye, ngokuvamile kwahlukaniswa njengesihlabathi esikhulu, esiphakathi nesihlabathi esincane.

Nxa isimo sesinye, indawo yomphetho yokuhlangana kwesihlabathi esincane iphezulu, kuyilapho indawo yomphetho yokuhlangana kwesihlabathi esikhulu iphansi. Emasimendi,

Uma ukhetha i-sandu ye-concreti, ukulinganisa kwamaqembu kanye nobukhulu bayo kufanele kubhekwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufanele kusetshenziswe i-sandu ye-Zone II uma kulungiswa i-concreti futhi amaqembu amancane kunama-0.315mm ku-sandu kufanele angaphansi kuka-15%.

Izinto ezilimazayo nezinto ezitshalayo

I-sandu ye-concreti kufanele ihlanzekile futhi ibe nezinye izinto ezilimazayo ezincane. I-mud block, i-mud, i-mica, izinto eziphilayo, i-sulfide, i-sulfate, njll. ezisemzansi ku-sandu, ziyakuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwe-concreti. Ukubaluleka kwezinto ezilimazayo kufanele kungadluli ezimthethweni ezithile.

Ukuhlolwa kwemisebe ye-alkali kufanele futhi kwenziwe emhlabathini osetshenziswa emisebenzini ebalulekile yokwakha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihambisana.

Ukuqina

Ukuqina komhlabathi kubhekisela ekukwazi kwakhe ukomelela ukubola ngenxa yemiphumela yobushushu, izinguquko zendawo noma ezinye izinto ezihlobene nokuqina. Ukuqina komhlabathi kuzohlolwa ngamanzi e-sodium sulfate. Ukwehla komthamo wesampula ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu kuzodingeka kuhambisane nezimfuneko zemikhawulo ehambisanayo.

Izidingo zentekiso yamatye (izicucu ezinkulu)

Izinto ezixubileyo eziqakathekileyo ezisetshenziswayo emkhakheni wekholi ye-konkrithi evamile zihlanganisa amajele neziqu. Izidingo zetekhnoloji ezixubileyo eziqakathekileyo ziyalelile njengalokhu:

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezicu, nesizinda esikhulu kakhulu sezicu

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezicu zezitsha zokwakha ezisetshenziswa ekholini ye-konkrithi kungahlolisiswa njengezicu eziqhubekayo nezicu ezodwa.

Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezixubileyo ezinezicu ezodwa ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinto ezixubileyo ezinezicu eziqhubekayo, noma zixutshwe nezinto ezixubileyo ezinezicu eziqhubekayo ukuze kuhlolisiswe ukwahlukaniswa. Uma izinto ezixubileyo ezinezicu ezodwa zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yezinto ezitholakalayo ezingekho

Isiqondisi esiphezulu somkhawulo wokulinganisa izingcezu ezinkulu emgqeni oqineke kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo oqineke kakhulu. Uma ukulinganisa kwezingcezu zemgqeni oqineke kakhulu kuqhubeka, indawo eyiqondile yendawo yazo iyancipha futhi inani lokucwebeza emkhathini liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwemibandela yokutholakala kwezidingo zokusebenza, umkhawulo oqineke kakhulu wemgqeni oqineke kakhulu kufanele ukhethwe njengoba kunokwenzeka.

Amnandwa kanye nokuqina

Amnandwa emgqeni oqineke kakhulu angachazwa ngamandla okucindezela kweqhwa kanye nomqondo wokuthoshwa. Uma izinga lokusebenza kwemkhathi liyi-C60 nangaphezulu, amandla okucindezela kweqhwa kufanele kube yinto ebalulekile.

Ukuxhumanisa okukhulu okusetshenziswayo ekwakheni isikhonkwane ngezidingo zokumelana nezimo ezimbi zomkhathi, kufanele sivivinye amandla alo.

Izinto ezihlukumezayo nezinto ezifana nezinto ezinjengezindlu zangqamuzana

I-clay, silt, i-fine dust, i-sulfate, i-sulfide kanye ne-organic matter ezikhona ekuxhumaniseni okukhulu, yizinto ezihlukumezayo, futhi inani lazo kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo ezisemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvunyelwe ukuxuba i-calcined dolomite noma i-limestone ekuxhumaniseni okukhulu.

Nge-coarse aggregate eyenzelwe izakhiwo ezibalulekile, ukuvivinya umsebenzi wemifino kufanele futhi kwenziwe ukuze kuchazwe ukuthi isebenza yini.

Ukuchumayela okuningi kwezinhlayiya ezifana nezindlu ezingqongqo eziqongeleleni ezinzima kuzo kunciphisa ukusebenza nokuqina kwesikhunta, ngakho inani lezinhlayiya ezinjengezindlu nezinhlayiya ezifana nezihlangu eziqongeleleni ezinzima kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanelekile.

Kubonakala ukuthi inani nokukhuluka kwedolobha nelitiya kunethonya elikhulu emisebenzini nokuqina kwesikhunta. Ukuze sikhiqize isikhunta esiphumelelayo, kudingeka siqinisekise ukukhuluka kwedolobha nelitiya.

Ngakho, kufanele silawule ukukhuluka kwedolobha nelitiya kusukela emthonjeni futhi sikhethe imishini yokukhiqiza ethenjelwayo kanye nabakhiqizi. I-SBM inikeza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zemishini ye