Isiphetho:Ukwenziwa kwezitimela zaseShayina kuyanda ukusebenzisa isithunzi sesihlabathi esenziwe ngokwezifiso. Funda ngezindinganiso zokuhlakanipha, izidingo zomhlinzeki, kanye nendlela yokungena kule mphakathi esikhula njalo.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, njengoba izinhlelo zokukhusela imvelo ziqhubeka ziba zimisele kakhulu futhi izimboni zeminerali zezinkolo zombuso zithuthukisa, inani lezingesi ezakhiwe yi-manufacured liqhubeke likhuphuka ngokushesha ekuqeqeshweni kwezindlela zezitimela. Ngaleso sikhathi, umkhiqizo wezinto ezingesi nezinkolo uqeqeshwa ukusuka emkhankasweni oqhubekayo emkhankasweni wezinto ezithengwayo, ngezinhlelo zokwakha ezifana nezindlela zezitimela ezaba yisisekelo esibalulekile sokufuna izingesi nezinkolo. Njengoba kuyaziwa, ukwakhiwa kwezindlela zezitimela eChina kunesimiso esiqinile kakhulu se-<...>

manufactured sand in railway construction

Imiphumela Yamanje Yezandla Ezakhiwe Kwemininingwane Yezitimela

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwendawo ezinqabile kakhulu nezokunciphisa imithombo yempahla yemifula yemvelo, inani lezandla ezakhiwe yinto eyisisekelo ezinqubweni zokwakha izitimela liye lakhula kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha ye-China Railway Group:

  • Ngaphambi kuka-2018: Izandla ezakhiwe zabe zingaphansi kwe-10%, ngezandla zemifula yezwe njengomthombo oyinhloko.
  • 2018-2022: Ngenxa yokuthinteka kwemvelo kokukhululwa kwesihlabathi, inani lezandla ezakhiwe liye lakhula ngokushesha kusukela ku-14% kuya ku-50.5%.
  • U-2023: Isilinganiso se-sand eyenziwe yi-manufacturing sifinyelele i-63.5%, futhi ezindaweni ezinamanani aphansi kakhulu esandini njengeNingizimu-Ntshonalanga neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, saba ngaphezu kwama-80%-95%.

Imisebenzi yezitimela zomgwaqo idinga umhlabathi nomsila wokuhlobisa ophezulu. Umhlabathi oqeqeshwe ngokwezindlela onomkhawulo ophansi ngokuvamile awusebenzi kahle emisebenzini yokwakha izitimela zomgwaqo. Ngakho, ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona umhlabathi womlambo, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Nokho, ezindaweni zaseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga lapho ukunikezwa komhlabathi womlambo kunganele, inani lokusetshenziswa komhlabathi oqeqeshwe ngokwezindlela liwedlule i-80-90%, futhi kwezinye imisebenzi ebalulekile, liye lafinyelela ngisho nasezingeni eliphakeme kune-95%.

Ukuqeqeshwa Komhlabathi Okusetshenziswa Emisebenzini Yezezitimela Zomgwaqo Emazweni Wonke?

Kusukela lapho ukwakhiwa kwezitime zezitime ezikhulu kuqalile ngo-2009, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwekhonkrithi ulele ngaphezu kwekhulu lezigidi zamakhulu amasha. Ngokulinganisela okukhulu kusukela ngo-2014 kuze kube manje, inani elilinganiselwe lokukhiqizwa kwekhonkrithi ngonyaka lingamakhulu ezigidi eziyi-110, ngokulinganisela, ngamakhilogalamu ayi-800 kuya kuyi-900 e-sand ngamakhulu amasha. Lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwesanti ngonyaka okulinganiselwa kumakhulu ezigidi eziyi-90. Ngesikhathi isanti eyenziwe yi-inthanethi ithatha amaphesenti angama-60 wanoma yikuphi okusetshenziswayo, ukusetshenziswa kwesanti eyenziwe yi-inthanethi ngonyaka kuqikelelwa ukuthi kungamakhulu ezigidi eziyi-50.

manufactured sand

Izindinganiso Zokusebenza Ezimiselwe Ezimaqenjana We-Sand ne-Gravel Esetshenziswa Ezinyanyeni

Izindinganiso Ezisekelayo

  • "Izindinganiso Zokwamukela Ukusebenza Kwemishini Ye-Concreate Yezinyanyana": Ichaza amandla, isimo sesihlabathi, inani le-mud, kanye nezinye izimpawu zensimbi ye-concreate.
  • "Isihlabathi Se-Concrete Esenziwe Ezinyanyeni": Ichaza ngokuqondile izidingo zethekhinoloji mayelana nokwahlukaniswa kwesihlabathi, inani lethanga elikhulu, kanye nenani lokucindezela lesihlabathi esenziwe.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko

  • Ukuhlelwa Kwesiqeshana: Kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthamo wensimbi ye-concreate.
  • Ukuhlanzeka Kwezitsha ZamagciwaneKumelwe ukulawulwa phakathi kwama-5% kuya ku-7%, njengoba izilinganiso eziphakeme zingathinta amandla.
  • Ukumelana: Ukuqhekeza okulinganiselwe ≤ 20%, futhi ukuphikisana nokushintshwa kwezimo kufanele kudlula isifundo solwimi lwesitoko se-sodium sulfate.
  • Izinto eziyingozi: Inani le-mica, izinto eziphilayo, njll., kufanele libe phansi kwemikhawulo yezindinganiso zezwe.

Ikhwalifikeshini yezinkampani kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisana emiphumeleni yezindiza

Izidingo zokukhwalifikwa kwezinkampani

  • Kuyinto engcono ukukhetha izinkampani ezinkulu ezineziqinisekiso zezinsimbi zomgodi oluphakeme lwezwe noma izinsimbi ze-China Sand and Gravel Association.
  • Izinkampani kumele zinikeze amakhono wokukhiqiza asemthethweni, izifundo zokuhlola ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezitifiketi zokulandela imithetho yendawo.

Izindlela Zokusebenzisana Ezintsha

  • Ukusebenzisana Ngezinto Ezisemthethweni: Izinhlangano zephrojekthi yezwelithutho nezakhamuzi ezitholakala ezimakethe zomgodi zokwakha izimboni ngokubambisana, zihlele imali ngokusekelwe esikweni somgodi.
  • Ukusebenzisana Kwezinto Zokusebenza: Ngezinto eziwela emgodini kanye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo ezingezantsi, izinto zokuchithwa kwezinto eziqinileyo nezokuhlola zingasetshenziswa ukuze kube khona "ukukhiqizwa endaweni, ukusetshenziswa endaweni."
  • Ukudlulisa OkukhethekileIzinkampani ezakha umshini wokwenza isihlahla kanye nomsila zilungiselela ukukhiqiza ngokuvumelana nezidingo zezibalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zivumelana nenkambiso yemifanekiso yomsila, ukulinganisa, kanye nezinye izinhlangothi.

Izinkinga zomkhakha: Kusuka emkhawulweni wokuqhathanisa kuya emkhawulweni wokuhlakanipha

Njengoba umthengi ehlanekezelwa emkhakheni wempahla, umkhakha wensihlahla nomsila ungene esigabeni somkhakha wezimali, kodwa umkhakha wokwakha, owamelelwa izitimela, uhlala njengesikhundla esikhulu sokukhula. Ukuxabana kwesikhathi esizayo kuzoba ngalokhu:

  • Ukukhiqiza Okomhlaba : Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa kwama-carbon, ukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinto ezisele.
  • Izinto Zesayensi Nezokuqeqeshwa Kwemikhondo. Ukwenza imisebenzi yokucwiliswa ngokuhlakanipha futhi kuphuculwe umkhawulo wezicucu nemilingo ye-sand eyenziwe.
  • Ukuphakanyiswa kwezimo: Ukuba nokwenza konke, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwempahla yokuqala kuya ekusebenzeni nasekugelezeni.

Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwezindiza ze-China kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, umkhiqizo wesihlabathi nesihlabathi uqhelelwa izindinganiso ezilukhuni zekhwalithi nezidingo zokuvikela indawo. I-sand eyenziwe, njengesiqeshana esikhulu esikhulu sesihlabathi esivamile, iqhubeka nokuthatha indawo ebalulekile ekuqinisweni kwezibalo zezindiza.

Izinkampani ezakha imihlaba yensimbi nezigalaga, uma zihlanganyela emisebenzini yezitimela, kumele zilandelwe ngokuqinile izindinganiso ezifanele zokulinganisela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo ihambisana nezidingo zezincwadi zezibalo zezitimela. Ngaleso sikhathi, iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana kanye nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza ezilondoloza indawo yokuhlala kuzoqeqeshisa ukukhula okusezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimboni ngokomhloli.