Soo koobid:Ka-faa'iidaysiga chromite wuxuu ka kooban yahay waqtiyo badan, oo sida caadiga ah ka kooban dumminta, shiididda, kala soocidda, xoogga, iyo qallajinta.
Chromite ore waa maaddo خامة muhiim ah oo lagu sameeyo chromium, kaasoo si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo warshadaha kala duwan sida soo saarista birta aan rustka lahayn, soo saarista kiimikada, iyo codsiyada refractari. Geedi socodka fayodhowrka ee chromite ore wuxuu ujeedkiisu yahay in la kala saaro macdanta chromite ee qiimaha leh iyo agabyada gunga ee la socota, taasoo kor u qaadaysa heerka chromium oo ka dhigaysa mid ku haboon sii socoshada habka. Maqaalkani wuxuu si qoto dheer u falanqayn doonaa geedi socodka fayodhowrka chromite ore iyadoo lagu saleynayo sawirka qulqulka ee la bixiyay, oo daboolaya marxalad kasta laga bilaabo maaddo خامة gacanta ilaa soo saarista chromite concentrate.
Haalka Ujeeddooyinka Faaiidada Chromite
Chromite birahaway kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeed, texture, iyo cabbirka grain-ka iyadoo ku xiran asalkooda juqraafiga. Guud ahaan, chromite wuxuu ka dhex muuqdaa dhagaxaanta ultramafic iyo mafic, badanaa la xiriira serpentine, olivine, magnetite, iyo macdanta silicate gangue.
Ujeeddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee faaiidada chromite waa:
- Kordhi xaddiga Cr₂O₃ si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha suuqa (badanaa >40% darajada metallurgical).
- Ka saar wasakhda sida silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, iyo oksaydhka birta.
- Gaadho qaybta ugu wanaagsan ee cabbirka walxaha si loo farsameeyo hoose.
- Korodhso dib u soo kabashada macdanta chromite.
Howlaha Faa'iidada Macdanta Chromite
Faa'iidada macdanta chromite waxay ku lug leedahay marxalado badan, caadi ahaan waxaa ku jira Burburin, Shub, Kala-soocid, Ururin, iyo Waqti kar. Xulashada farsamooyinka waxay ku xidhan tahay tilmaamaha macdanta iyo qeexitaannada alaabta ee la rabo.
1. Maamulka Macdanta Ceeriin
Habka faa'iidada macdanta chromite wuxuu ka bilaabmaa maamulka macdanta ceeriin. Macdanta ceeriin, taas oo caadi ahaan laga qodayo diyaaradaha furan ama macdanta dhulka hoostiisa, marka hore waxaa lagu shubaa feeder. Doorka feeder-ka ayaa ah inuu maamulo qulqulka macdanta ceeriin, isagoo hubinaya sahay joogto ah oo xakameysan kanaalinta marxalada burburinta xigta. Tani waa tallaabo muhiim ah oo bilow ah maadaama ay aas aasaas u tahay habka faa'iidada oo dhan, iyadoo ka hortagaysa in si xad dhaaf ah ama hoos loo geliyo qalabka burburinta.
2. Marxalkii Burburinta
2.1 Qeybinta Koowaad
The raw ore from the feeder is then directed to a PE jaw crusher for primary crushing. The PE jaw crusher is a robust piece of equipment that uses a compressive force to break the large chunks of raw ore into smaller pieces. It has a wide feed opening and can handle relatively large particles. The crushing action in the jaw crusher occurs as the moving jaw compresses the ore against the fixed jaw, reducing its size. The output of the primary crusher is typically in the range of several tens of millimeters in size, which is then ready for further processing in the secondary crushing stage.
2.2 Jebinta Labaad
Ka dib jebinta koowaad, macdanta waxa lagu shubaa mashiinka jebinta koonfureed si loogu jebiyo labaad. Mashiinka jebinta koonfureed ayaa sii yareeya cabirka dhagaxa macdanta isagoo adeegsanaya isku dhafka cadaadiska iyo kicinta. Waxa uu leeyahay qol jebin oo koonfureed oo leh mantle dhaqdhaqaaq ah iyo concave go'an. Macdanta waxaa la jebinayaa marka ay maro banneenta u dhaxaysa mantle iyo concave, taasoo keentay qaybinta cabirka dhexdhexaadka ah. Alaabta ka timaadda mashiinka jebinta koonfureed waxaa ka dib shaandhayn lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo shaandhayn ruxan. Shaandhaynta ruxan waxay kala soocdaa macdanta la jebiyay iyadoo loo qaybinayo qaybaha cabbirro kala duwan, iyadoo walxaha ka weyn 20 mm lagu celinayo mashiinka jebinta koonfureed si mar kale loo jebiyo, iyo walxaha ku jira xadka cabbirka la rabo (ka yar 3 mm kiiskan) loo diraayo marxalada xigta ee habka.
3. Kaarin
Xayndaabka la sifeyneyo oo ka yar 3 mm ayaa lagu quudiyaa mishiinka kubadda si loo karbaasho. Mishiinka kubadda waa aalad silindar ah oo buuxda kubaddaha birta ah. Marka mishiinku wareegayo, kubaddaha birta ah ayaa dhufanaya oo burburinaya qaybaha macdanta, iyaga oo u jaraya qabow tayo sare leh. Habka karbaashka ayaa aad muhiim u ah si loo xoreeyo macdanta chrome-ka ee ka socota waxyaabaha anshaxa. Heerka karbaashka ayaa si taxadar leh loo xakameeyaa si loo hubiyo in macdanta chrome-ka si buuxda loo xoreeyo iyada oo aan la karbaashin, taasoo keeni karta kororka isticmaalka tamarta iyo samaynta qaybaha yar yar ee adag in la kala saaro.
4. Qaybinta
Ka dib marka la burburiyo, shayga ore slurry ka yimaada mashiinka kubbada waxaa lagu quudiyaa kala-soociyaha dulduleelka. Kala-soociyaha dulduleelka wuxuu isticmaalaa farqiga xawaaraha degaanka ee qaybaha cabbirro kala duwan ee dheecaanka ah si loo kala saaro. Qaybaha weyn iyo culus ayaa si dhakhso ah u dega oo waxaa qaadayaa shayga dulduleelka ee hoose ee kala-soociyaha, halka qaybaha khafiifka ah ay ku harayaan dib u foosha dheecaanka waxaana la siidaayaa sidii xidhan. Qaybta hoose ee kala-soociyaha dulduleelka, oo ay ku jiraan qaybaha qaro weyn, badanaa dib loogu celinayaa mashiinka kubbada si loo sii burburiyo, halka xidhan, oo ay ku jiraan qaybaha si fiican loo burburiyey, uu u gudbo heerka diirinta.
5. Heerka Ururinta
5.1 Jigging
Macdanta si fiican loo shiiday ee ka imanaysa shandadaha dhidibka ah ayaa marka hore lagu shubaa jigger. Jiggerku waa qalab kala sooc ah oo ku shaqeeya iyadoo la tixgelinayo farqiga cufnaanta gaarka ah ee macdanta chromite iyo walxaha gangue. Chromite waxay leedahay cufnaanta gaarka ah ee sarreeya marka loo eego inta badan walxaha gangue. Jiggerka, qulqulka biyaha oo dhawaqa leh ayaa la adeegsadaa, taasoo keentay in qaybaha chromite ee culus ay hoos u dhigmaan halka qaybaha gangue ee fudud ay ku sii jiraan lakabyada sare. Alaabta hoose ee ka timaada jiggerka waa macdanta chromite - hodanka ah, taasoo loo diraa silo ururinta, halka macdanta dhexe iyo qashinka la sii farsameyn doono.
5.2 Kala Soocida Dhoobada Spiral
Dhoobada dhexe ee jigger-ka ayaa la gelinayaa dhoobada spiral. Dhoobada spiral waa qalab kale oo kala soocida cuf-jiid ah oo isticmaala saameynta wadajirka ah ee cuf-jiidka, xoogga centrifuge, iyo frikshinka si loo kala sooco qaybaha. Markii dhoobada slurry ay hoos u socoto dhoobada spiral, qaybaha chromite ee culus ayaa u dhaqaaqaya dhinaca gudaha ee dhoobada waana la uruurinayaa sida diirada, halka qaybaha gangue ee fudud ay u dhaqaaqayaan dhinaca dibedda oo waxaa la daadiyaa sida wasakhda. Diirada ka timi dhoobada spiral sidoo kale waxaa la diraa silo diiradda, waxaana dhoobada dhexe si kale loo farsamayn karaa.
5.3 Miisaanka Shakiga
Macdanta dhexe ee ka timaadda tubeelka duulista iyo waxyaabaha kale ee dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa lagu shubay miisaska shakiga si loogu sameeyo kala soocid dheeraad ah. Miisaska shakiga waxay si aad ah u waxtar leeyihiin marka la kala soocayo qaybaha grain-yar ee ku saleysan culayskooda gaarka ah, qaabkooda, iyo cabirkooda. Miiska shakiga wuxuu leeyahay dusha oo dhulka u dhisan oo gariira, taas oo sababta qaybaha inay u dhaqaaqaan qaab zig-zag ah. Qaybaha chromite-ka culus waxay si tartiib ah u dhaqaaqaan waxaana diiradda la saaraa dhankiisa hoose ee miiska, halka qaybaha khafiifka ah ay si dhaqso ah u dhaqaaqaan oo lagu tuuro dhammaadka sare. Miisas shakiga badan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa silsilad si loo gaaro heer sare oo kala soocid ah iyo in la soo saaro chromite diirran tayo sarreeya.
6. Heerka Qasacinta
6.1 Qaboojinta
Qaboojinta chromite-ka ee heerka xoogaynta waxay ka kooban tahay qadar weyn oo biyo ah. Si loo yareeyo qaddarka biyaha, qaboojinta marka hore waxaa lagu shubaa mashiinka qaboobaha. Mashiinka qaboobaha waa taank weyn oo cylindrical ah halkaas oo lagu oggol yahay in qasacada qaboojinta ay hoos u degtay saamaynta cufisjiid. Markii qaybaha hoos u degaan, biyaha nadiifka ah ee dusha ka sarreeya ayaa la shubaa, halka qaboojinta qaboobay ee hoos ku jirta la saaro. Mashiinka qaboobaha wuxuu caawiyaa in la kordhiyo qaddarka adag ee qaboojinta laga bilaabo inta badan ku dhowaad 20 - 30% ilaa 40 - 60%.
6.2 Vacuum Filtering
Ka dib marka la cufan, soo saarka cufan ayaa lagu daray shaandhada vacuum. Shaandhada vacuum waxay isticmaashaa cadaadiska vacuum si ay biyaha uga soo dhex saarto dhexda shaandhada, iyadoo ka dib ay ka dhigtay keeg shaandheyn ah oo ah chromite concentrate. Habka shaandhaynta vacuum wuxuu sii yareeyaa macdanta biyaha ku jirta si ay u noqoto heer ku habboon kaydinta iyo gaadiidka, badanaaba ku dhawaad 8 - 12%. Soo saarka chromite concentrate ka dibna waxaa la diri doonaa silo-yada concentrate si loogu kaydiyo ugu dambeeya.
7. Tailings Disposal
The tailings from the various separation stages, which mainly consist of gangue materials, are collected and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner. Tailings can be stored in tailings dams or subjected to further treatment to recover any remaining valuable minerals or to reduce their environmental impact. In some cases, tailings may be re - processed using additional separation techniques to increase the overall recovery of chromite from the raw ore.
Optimizatioonka Geedi socodka iyo Caqabadaha
Dib-u-hagaajinta geedi socodka
Si loo hoboliyo waxtarka iyo dhaqaalaha hawsha ka dhigidda macdanta chromite, talaabooyin dhowr ah ayaa la qaadi karaa. Kuwani waxaa ka mid ah inay hagaajiso isugeynta iyo xoqidda xuduudaha si loo gaaro sii deynta ugu fiican ee macdanta chromite iyadoo la yareynayo isticmaalka tamarta. Xulashada iyo hagaajinta xuduudaha qalabka kala soocidda, sida heerka socodka biyaha ee jigger-ka iyo xadiga gariirka ee miiska gariir, ayaa sidoo kale si weyn u saameyn kara waxtarka kala soocidda. Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalka nidaamyada xakamaynta habka horumarsan ayaa ka caawin kara in la kormeero oo la hagaajiyo habka waqtiga dhabta ah, iyadoo la hubinayo howl shaqo deggan iyo wax soo saar tayo sare leh.
Challenges
Habka faa'iidada macdanta chromite-ka ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya caqabado badan. Mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu waaweyn waa wajiqa tayada macdanta ceeriin. Meelo chromite ah ayaa leh isbedbeddel weyn oo ku saabsan macdanta, darajada, iyo qaybinta cabbirka, taasoo saameyn karta waxqabadka habka faa'iidada. Caqabad kale ayaa ah ilaalinta deegaanka. Habka faa'iidada ayaa soo saara tiro badan oo qashinka ah, kaasoo u baahan in si habboon loo maareeyo si looga fogaado wasakheynta deegaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalka biyaha habka ayaa noqon kara walaac gobollada biyo-yar, waxaana loo baahan yahay dadaallo si loo sameeyo teknolojiyado badbaadinta biyaha iyo nidaamyada dib u warshadaynta.
Meydadkan dhuxusha chromite waa hab adag oo marxalad badan leh oo ku lug leh taxane farsamooyin kala sooc ah si looga helo macdanta qiimaha leh ee chromite ka mid ah dhuxusha ceeriin. Marxalad kasta, laga bilaabo maareynta dhuxusha ceeriin ilaa soo saarista ururinta chromite iyo tuurista qashinka, waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaarayaan hubinta waxtarka guud iyo waxtarka habka. Iyadoo la fahmayo mabaadi'da iyo hawlgallada marxalad kasta, iyo sidoo kale ka jawaabida caqabadaha iyo fursadaha hagaajinta, warshadaha meelmarinta dhuxusha chromite waxay sii wadi karaan hagaajinta waxqabadkooda oo ka qayb qaadan karaan sahayda waarta ee chromium ee dalal kala duwan oo warshadeed.
La talin
Hel Xal