Warshadda Kaluunka Birta: Habka iyo Qalabka

Soo koobid:Maqaalkani wuxuu bixinayaa dulmar dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan warshadaha kaluunka birta, isagoo daboolaya sifooyinka birta, hababka kaluunka, socodka habka, qalabka la xiriira, iyo tixgelinta deegaanka.

< translation > Iron ore beneficiation is a critical process in the mining and metallurgical industries, aimed at improving the quality of iron ore by removing impurities and increasing the iron content. The beneficiation process transforms the raw iron ore into a concentrate suitable for use in steelmaking and other industrial applications. With the growing demand for high-grade iron ore and the depletion of rich ore deposits, beneficiation plants have become indispensable for efficient resource utilization and sustainable mining operations. < /translation >

This article provides a comprehensive overview ofwarshadda koritaanka macdanta birta, covering the ore characteristics, beneficiation methods, process flow, equipment involved, and environmental considerations.

Tilmaamaha Macdanta Birta

Macdanta birta waa dhagxaanta iyo macdanta laga helayo birta metallic ah ee si dhaqaalaha ah loo soo saari karo. Noocyada ugu caansan ee macdanta birta waa:

• Hematite:Macdan tayo sare leh oo ka kooban qiyaastii 70% bir.
• Magnetite:Waxay ka kooban tahay qiyaastii 72% bir waxaana ay tahay mid magnetic ah.
• Limonite:Contains 55-60% iron.
• Siderite:Contains about 48% iron.

The quality of iron ore is primarily determined by its iron content and the presence of impurities such as silica, alumina, phosphorus, sulfur, and other gangue minerals. Beneficiation aims to increase iron content and reduce impurities.

Advantages of Iron Ore Beneficiation

• Increase iron content:To produce high-grade concentrate suitable for steel production.
• Remove impurities:Reduce silica, alumina, phosphorus, sulfur, and other unwanted materials.
• Hagaaji hantida jireed:Kor u qaad cabbirka iyo qaabka qaybaha si loo helo maaraynta iyo habaynta fiican.
• Habee hababka hoos yimaada:Fududee pelletizing, sintering, iyo smelting wax ku ool ah.

Geedi socodka ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta birta

Geedi socodka ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta birta wuxuu caadi ahaan ka kooban yahay dhowr marxalad:Jebinta → Mashiinayn → Kala soocid → Mideyn → Biyo kala soocid → Pelletizing ama Sintering

1. Jebinta Macdanta Birta

Marxaladda bilowga ah ee ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta birta waa jebinta iyo mashiinaynta, taas oo yareyneysa cabbirka macdanta birta ceeriin si loo xoreeyo macdanta birta leh oo ku jirta walxaha ku hareereysan.

Primary Crushing:Birta macdanta waxaa la geeyaa gaadiidka ama konveyerada laga soo saaray goobta macdanta ilaa dhismaha faa'iidada. Cunto habboon ayaa hubinaysa soosaarka joogtada ah. Qaybo waaweyn oo birta macdanta ah ayaa lagu yareeyaa cabir iyadoo la isticmaalayo jaw ama gyratory crushers ilaa qiyaastii 150 mm, taasoo fududeyneysa hawlgalka iyo hababka kale.

Secondary Crushing:Yaraynta cabbirka oo ku dhow 20-50 mm waxaa lagu gaaraa iyadoo la adeegsanayo cone crushers. Muuqaallada gariirku waxay kala saaraan qaybaha birta macdanta iyadoo la adeegsanayo cabbir, iyagoo u direysa walxaha loogu talagalay shiidid ama habab kale.

2. Grinding

Ka dib burburinta, mashiinnada hadhuudhka (sida mashiinnada ballaadhka ama mashiinnada ulaha) waxay hayaan cabbirka qaybaha birta ah ilaa bur badan, badanaa waxay bartilmaameedsadaan 80% oo dhaaftay 200 mesh (ku dhawaad 75 microns). Burrinta khafiifka ah waxay xaqiijineysaa in macdanta birta ku jirta birta lagu xureeyo si ku filan si loogu kala saaro marka xiga.

Burburinta iyo hadhuudhinta wax ku oolka ah ee birta waa muhiim maxaa yeelay hadhuudhinta xad-dhaafka ah waxay soo saari kartaa haraaga badan, taasoo adkaynaysa hanaanka hoose iyo kordhinta isticmaalka tamarta.

3. Screening and Classification

Ka dib dhicitaanka cabbirka, isku dhafka macdanta birta wuxuu maraa shaandhayn iyo kala sooc si loo kala barto qaybaha iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirka iyo dhumucda.

• Shaandhayn:Shaandhaynta farsamada ama shaandhaynta gariirta waxay kala soocaan qaybaha waaweyn ee ka yimaada macdanta birta. Tallaabadan waxay xaqiijineysaa in kaliya walxaha macdanta birta ee si habboon u cabiran ay u soconayaan marxaladda xigta, waxayna kordhinaysaa waxtarka hawlgalka.
• Kala sooc:Hydrocyclones ama kala soocayaasha xeedhada waxay kala soocaan qaybaha macdanta birta iyadoo lagu saleynayo dhumucda iyo cabbirka qaab dhoobada. Kala soocintan waxay ka caawisaa in qaybaha cabbirka kala duwan loo hago nidaamyada faa'iidada ku habboon.

Proper screening and classification optimize the feed for iron ore concentration processes, improving recovery rates and product quality.

4. Concentration of Iron Ore

Concentration is the core beneficiation stage where valuable iron minerals are separated from the waste gangue in the iron ore.

• Gravity Separation:Utilizes differences in specific gravity between iron minerals and gangue within the iron ore.
• Magnetic Separation:Employs magnetic fields to isolate magnetic iron minerals in the iron ore.
• Flotation:Waxaa la isticmaalaa kiimikooyinka iyo boodhadhka hawada si loo kala saaro macdanta biraha ee aan biyaha jecleyn iyo dhagaxyada biyaha jecel ee qaybaha birta fudud.

Doorashada farsamada diiraddu waxay ku xiran tahay nooca macdanta birta, cabirka qaybaha, iyo macdanta.

5. Biyo-miirid

Kadib marka la diirada saaro, cadaadiska birta ee la soo saaray wuxuu ka kooban yahay qadar weyn oo biyo ah, taasoo loo baahan yahay in la saaro si loo fududeeyo qaadista, gaadiidka, iyo habka dheeraadka ah.

• Qaadista:Mashiinnada culayska waxay diirad saaraan shubka birta iyagoo dejinaya adag, iyada oo la dhimayo qadar biyaha.
• Filtration:Faaruq ama cadaadis faaruqayaashu waxay si kale u dhimayaan qoyaan ka mid ah diirran dhagaxa iridda ilaa heerar la aqbali karo, badanaa hoos u dhaca 10%.

Faa'iidada weyn ee ka saarista biyaha ee diirran dhagaxa iridda waxay yareysaa kharashaadka qalajinta waxayna ka hortagtaa dhaawaca walxaha inta lagu jiro kaydinta iyo gaadiidka.

6. Wax-soo-saarka ama Daa'aqa

Marxaladda ugu dambeysa waxay u diyaarisaa diirran dhagaxa iridda in loo isticmaalo samaynta birta.

• Wax-soo-saarka:Diirran dhagaxa iridda fiican ayaa lagu darsadaa baallal spherical ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo xidhiidhyaal sida bentonite. Baallasha dhagaxa iridda waxay leeyihiin cabbir iswaafaqsan, xoog la hagaajiyay, iyo gudbinta, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwa ku habboon quudinta dhamaan foornooyinka.
• Sintering:Dhoobada birta ah ee la iskugu geeyay waa lagu dhex daray dhumucyada iyo qashinka koka ah kadibna koronto ayaa la saaray si loo sameeyo sinter, oo ah isku-dhaf poroos ah oo ku habboon in lagu isticmaalo foornada qaraxa.

Habkani wuxuu kor u qaadaa waxqabadka metallurgy iyo hagaajinta waxtarka foornada.

Farsamooyinka Caadiga ah ee Kaabista Dhoobada Birta

1. Kala-soocidda Cufis-jiid:

Kala-soocidda cufis-jiid waxay ka faa'iidaysanaysaa farqiga cufnaanta u dhexeeya macdanta birta iyo qashinka ku jira dhoobada birta si loo gaaro kala-soocidda.

Falsafada:Macdanta birta ee culus (magnetite, hematite) ee ku jira dhoobada birta ayaa si dhakhso ah u degtay marka la geliyo xoogagga cufis-jiidka gudaha dhexdhexaad dareere ah.

Qalabka:

• Jigs:Isticmaal socodka biyaha ee dhalaalaya si aad u kala soocdo xayndaabyada birta ah iyadoo loo eegayo cufnaanta.
Shaking Tables: Adeegso dhaqaaqyo gariir iyo socodka biyaha si aad u kala soocdo xayndaabyada birta ah iyadoo lagu saleynayo cufnaanta gaarka ah.
• Spiral Concentrators:Isticmaal cufnaanta iyo xoogagga centrifugal ee dhabarka isha leh si aad u kala soocdo macdanta birta ah.
• Isticmaalka:Waxay waxtar u leedahay particle-yada birta ah ee weyn iyo macdanta leh farqi cufan oo muhiim ah, sida magnetite iyo hematite leh xornimo weyn. Kala-soocidda cufnaanta ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sidii tallaabo hore oo loogu talagalay maaraynta macdanta birta ka hor habka magnetic ama flotay.

2. Kala-goynta Magnetic

Kala-goynta magnetic waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa kor u qaadida macdanta birta magnetite iyo, hoos u dhaca, macdanta birta hematite.

Falsafada:Kala-goynayaashu magnetic waxay isticmaalaan meelaha magnetic si ay u soo jiitaan macdanta birta magnetic ee macdanta birta, iyagoo kala saara kuwo aan magnetic ahayn.

Noocyada Kala-goynayaashu Magnetic:

• Kala-goynayaashu Magnetic ee Hooseynta (LIMS): Ku habboon macdanta birta magnetite oo aad u magnetic ah. Kala-goynayaashu Magnetic ee Sareynta (HIMS): Waxaa loo isticmaalaa macdanta birta oo leh magnetic daciif ah sida hematite iyo qaybaha yaryar.
• Wet and Dry Magnetic Separators:Separatorada qoyan waxay qaadaan jidhka birta, waxayna kor u qaadaan waxtarka kala soocidda; separatorada qallalan waxay maareeyaan agabka birta qallalan.
• Isticmaalka:Warshadaha faa'iidada birta magnetite waxay si ballaaran u isticmaalaan kala soocidda magnetic si ay u gaaraan diirimaad sare oo bir ah. Sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka dib burburinta si loo soo ceshado macdanta birta ee birta.

3. Falaadhka Birta

Falaadhku waa farsamo kimistar ah oo loo isticmaalo badanaa xabagta birta fidsan iyo macdanta halkaas oo kala soocidda magnetic aan waxtar lahayn.

Falsafada:In flotation, reagents such as collectors and frothers are added to an iron ore slurry. Hydrophobic iron ore minerals attach to air bubbles and rise to the surface, forming a froth layer that is skimmed off, while hydrophilic gangue sinks.

Qalabka:

• Celliyada Flaatiga Farsamada:Waxay bixiyaan dhaq-dhaqaaq iyo hawo si loogu dhiirrigeliyo ku dhagaansanaanta buleelka iyo qaybaha ee dhuxulka birta.
• Celliyada Flaatiga Column:Waxay bixiyaan soo kabasho sare iyo xulasho leh isticmaalka tamar hooseeya ee flaatiga birta.
• Isticmaalka:Flaatigu aad ayuu ugu waxtar badan yahay dhuxulka birta hematite iyo siderite oo leh xajmiyada qaybaha yar yar iyo maadada silica sare. Waxay suurtogal u tahay in laga saaro wasakhda silica iyo alumina, taas oo hagaajineysa tayada diirimaadka dhuxulka birta.

4. Dhammeera iyo Mashiinka

Qalabka dhammeera iyo mashiinka ee keena birta ayaa ah shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah guusha faaiido soo saarista.

Qalabka Dhammeera:

• Dhuqayayaasha Cadka:Qalabka dillaacaya oo la tacaala gaashaamo waaweyn oo bir ah.
• Jajabinta Koontada: Qalabka dillaacaya ee labaad ee loogu talagalay in la yareeyo birta si fiican.
• Qalabka Dhammeera Gyratory:Waxaa loo isticmaalaa hawlaha birta waaweyn ee dillaaca ugu weyn.

Qalabka Mashiinka:

• Ball Mashiinada:Mashiinada silindariga leh ee leh qalab mashiin ah oo yareeya birta ilaa budo fiican.
• Rod Mashiinada:Waxay isticmaalaan rods sida qalab mashiin ah, ku habboon dhammeera ballaaran ee birta.
• Vertical Roller Mills:Makina ha Iftiin ah oo loo isticmaalo qaar ka mid ah warshadaha casriga ah ee birta.

Key Considerations:

• Ka fogaanta ka dib-qarxinta birta si loo yareeyo soo saarista qaybaha ultra-fine, taas oo adkeyneysa kala soocidda.
• Haynta cabbirka qallajin wanaagsan si loo xoojiyo dhexdhexaadinta iyo soo kabashada macdanta birta.

Environmental Considerations

Warshadaha faaiidooyinka birta waa inay wajahaan saameynta deegaanka:

• Maareynta Qashin: Tuuro ammaan ah iyo suurtogalnimada dib loo isticmaalo qashinka.
• Isticmaalka Biyaha:Geri foorarinta iyo daaweynta biyaha habka.
• Nidaamka Xakameynta Qadarka Booska: Yareynta qiiqa wax soo saarka inta lagu jiro burburinta iyo habaynta.
• Badbaadinta Tamarta:Hagaajinta qalabka iyo hababka si loo yareeyo isticmaalka tamarta.

Kordhinta Cusub iyo Isbeddellada

• Automaashanka iyo Kontoroolka:Isticmaalka dareemayaasha, AI, iyo barashada mashiinka si loo hagaajiyo hababka.
• Faa'iidada Qabow:Yareynta isticmaalka biyaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo kala-soocidda magnetig ama koronto qalalan.
• Qiimaynta Qashinka:Isticmaalka qashinka dhismaha ama codsiyo kale.
• Shayga Gariidka Tamarta-efficient:High-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) iyo mashiinada qasan.

Faa'iidada macdanta birta ayaa ah hab adag, marar badan oo ay ku jiraan burburin, gariir, kala soocid, diirran, jarjarin, iyo isugeyn. Marxalad kasta waxay u baahan tahay qalab iyo farsamooyin khaas ah oo ku habboon mineralogy iyo sifooyinka jireed ee macdanta. Horumarinta teknoolojiyada faa'iidada ayaa sii wadaysa inay hagaajiso heerarka soo kabashada, tayada sheyga, iyo waaraanshaha deegaaniga, iyadoo la xaqiijinayo in si hufan loo isticmaalo kheyraadka macdanta birta si loo daboolo baahida caalamiga ah ee birta.