Summary: Ukuqonda uhla olubanzi lwezinto zemvelo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-aggregate kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezimboni zokwakha....
Ama-aggregates yigqozi lamandla lokwakha olukhulu, luqukethe iningi le-concret, i-asphalt, kanye nezinye izinto zokwakha. Impahla yawo, ngokuyinhloko ku- `
Izinhlobo Zezinto Zokuqala Ezisetshenziswa Kuma-Izinto Eziqukethwe `
I-Manganese Ore
I-Manganese OreI-basalt, uhlangothi oluphuma kuhlobo lwe-igneous olukhulu, lusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ama-aggregate. Lukhiqizwa ngokushesha kwe-lava flow, i-basalt inamandla aphezulu okupressura, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-100 kuya ku-300 megapascals (MPa). Ubunjalo bayo obuyingqayizivele nokuminyaniswa kwensimbi okukhulu, okungamafeldspar we-plagioclase kanye ne-pyroxene, kufaka isandla ezikhwalithi zayo ezinhle zomshini. Uma iqhwa, i-basalt ivamise ukukhiqiza amagama nama-cubical, ahlanganisa kahle emixhumanweni yenkonteyina, kuthuthukisa amandla aphelele nokuzinza. Lokhu kwenza i-basalt -based aggregates ikahle kakhulu kulokho okudingeka izinto ezinamandla aphezulu, njengemafone esitsha, izakhiwo eziphakeme, nezindlela ezinkulu zomgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwe-basalt ekuqonqeni nasekuklakeni kuqinisekisa ukumelana kwesikhathi eside, nakuba kungaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
I-I-Hematite
I-I-HematiteI-lime, i-rock yesitimela esenziwe kakhulu nge-calcium carbonate, isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ekukhiqizeni ama-aggregate, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomcebo omkhulu kulona. I-limestone ithambile uma iqhathaniswa nama-rock okhula ngokukhuni, enobukhulu bokucindezela obungajwayelekile phakathi kwe-30 kuya ku-140 MPa. Imvelaphi yayo yesitimela, eyenziwe ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwezimbali, i-corals, nezinye izinto zasolwandle, inikeza i-structure ehlukanisiwe. Uma ILimestone icutshungulwa, ingakhiqiza ama-aggregate anemizwa ephansi angasetshenziswa kahle ezingakafiki emisebenzini efana ne-concrete elungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, njengokuhlanganisa okusheshayo kwe-concrete nam asphalt. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuhlukanisiwe, i-limestone ingaphulwa yaba yamaqoqo amade noma amaphelegangeni uma icwemethwa ngezindlela ezivamile, okungabhubhisa izimfanelo zezobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuze kuvinjwe lokhu, izindlela zokubhidliza ezikhethekile nezinsiza, ezifana nama-impact crushers, zivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-aggregate e-limestone anezimo ezihlangabezana kahle nakakhulu.
I-Hematite
I-Hematite, itshelele okujwayelekile okungumkhathi wesihlabani, ukwenza okunye okukhulu kwezinto eziphambili zokuhlanganisa. Kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngequartz, feldspar, ne-mica, i-granite ikhombisa ubumsulwa obuphakeme nobumelene. Amandla ayo okucindezela angadlula ku-200 MPa, okwenza ibe ukumelana kakhulu namandla angaphandle. Isakhiwo sayo esibukhali ngobukhulu sika-granite sivumela ukuhlulwa okunjalo ngesikhathi sokuwahlula, kuholela kukho okuncane okunezingcaphuno ezichazwe kahle nokusabalala kobukhulu obuzinzile. Lezi zici zenza ama-aggregate e-granite afaneleke kokubili kwezakhiwo namaphethini okuhleleka. Kwi-concrete yesakhiwo, ama-aggregate e-granite asekela amandla okukhipha umthwalo, kuyilapho kuma-pavement okuhlobisa nasekulinganiseni, ukubukeka kwawo kahle, ngokwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemibala nezinto ezithokozisayo, kungeza inani lokubona.
Iqhwaqithi
Iqhwaqithi, itshe lomhlaba oshintshashintshayo oluvela ekuphindaphindeni kwe-sandstone ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye namandla okushisa, ludume kakhulu ngobukhulu balo obungcono kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngenkathi amandla wokucindezela evame ukwedlula u-300 MPa, i-quartzite ingesinye sezintuli eziqinile ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-agregate. Isakhiwo sayo esiphumelelayo, esinesakhiwo se-crystalline sisenza ukuba ithambeke kakhulu ekuqhekekeni, emanzini, nasekugugeni. Ama-aggregate e-quartzite akhipha ama-particle anomango futhi anqabela ukugqwala, akwaziyo ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifuna izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengamabhuloho endiza, amabhulokhi emfundo, nemigqa yezimboni. Nokho, ubunzima obukhulu be-quartzite buphinde bubangele izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlikha, kudingeka imishini ekhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu.
Isiqathanga
Itshe elikhulu, elenziwe ngamatshe amancane anobungako bokungena kwento efana ne-quartz noma i-feldspar ehlanganisiwe, nakho kuyinsiza enkulu yezinto zokwakha. Amandla nobude bokuphila kwesitsha sodaka kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwemikali yokuhlanganisa ekhona. Ngokuvamile, itshe elikhulu linezimbi zabo eziyinqaba ukusuka ku-20 kuya ku-250 MPa. Uhlobo lwalo oluphefumulayo lungathinta ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwezinto zokwakha, okuthinta ngokwezinga ukusebenza nokuqina kweconcrete. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokwakha ezingezansi kwezitshe zibonisa izici ezinhle zokuhlala ngokushisa, okwenza zifaneleke izinhlelo lapho ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kuyinto ephawulekayo, njengasemabhodini akhelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umumo oyingqayizivele nokushintsha kombala kwento enkulu kungafaka ubuhle ngokwedlulele emisebenzini yokwakha ehlanganisiwe.
Isithwathwa se-Blast Furnace
Imfucumfucu ye-blast furnace, umkhiqizo owedlulele wokukhiqiza insimbi, seyithole ukuthandwa ngokwanda njengemidiya eyimvelo yezingxenye zokwakha. Ngemva kokupholisa nokuginywa, imfucumfucu ye-blast furnace ingasetshenziswa njengesikhundla sezinto ezivela emhlabeni zemvelo kumongameli we-concrete ne-asphalt. Ichaza izimfanelo ezihle ze-hydraulic, okusho ukuthi ingaphendula namanzi kanye nekhonkrithi ukwakha i-matrix eqinile yokubopha. Izinto ezivela kwimfucumfucu ye-blast furnace zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okubalwa nokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo ngokudlulisela imfucumfucu yezimboni emadwaleni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-concrete, kanye nokwandisa ukumelana nokuphikiswa kwe-sulfate. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi omkhulu wokwakha, njengezimpondo zezimoto nezindlela zomgwaqo.
Ithombo lokwakha eliphinde lakhiwa ngekhonkrithi
I-Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) itholakala ngokuwabilisa nokucubungula izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezindala. Njenganendlela esezingeni eliphezulu yokukhulula izinsiza zemvelo, i-RCA isiza ekuvikeleni izinsiza zemvelo futhi inciphise udoti wokwakha. Ikhwalithi ye-RCA incike emthombeni wekhonkrithi yakudala, kodwa ngokucutshungulwa okufanele nokulawula kwekhwalithi, ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene, njengamabanga esisekelo ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo, ama-layer angaphansi, futhi kweminye imikhiqizo, njengokuguqula isikhashana izinsimbi zemvelo ekukhiqizeni ikhonkrithi entsha. Ukusebenzisa i-RCA akugcini nje ngokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokwakha kodwa futhi kunikeza nezinzuzo zomnotho ngokunciphisa izindleko zezinsiza eziyinqaba.
Indlela Yokwenza Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe Ezivela Ezintweni Eziqala
Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziqala zibe izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziphezulu kubandakanya izigaba ezibalulekile eziningi:
Ukukhulula → Ukucwangcisa nokuhlukanisa → Ukufakwa kwamanzi → Ukugqashwa okuyimpahla → Ukuphathwa Kokuhlakanipha
Isiqephu ngasinye sithatha indima ebalulekile ekubambisiseni ukukhuluka kwesiphetho nesimo salo esifanele imisebenzi yokwakha. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kukhishwa okuningiliziwe kwale nqubo ehlanganisiwe:
1. Ukukhulula
Isiqephu sokuqala ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ukukhululwa kwezinto eziqala. Le nqubo ingase ibandakanye:
- Ukukhiqiza ama-quarry: Ngezinye izinto ezinjengezitsha zokukhuluka nengxube, imisebenzi yokukhulula enkulu `
- Ukuthutha : Uma kukhulunywa ngomfutho nomgodlana ovela ezimfuleni noma ezilwandle, izindlela zokuthutha amanzi zisetshenziswa ukuqoqa izinto ezisele phansi kwamanzi.
2. Ukucisha nokuhlukanisa
Ngemuva kokutholwa, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokuqala zidlula emashinini okucisha nokuhlukanisa ukuze zifinyelele ubukhulu nokumbo okufunwayo:
- Ukucwilisa: Izibumba ezinkulu zifakwa emashinini okucisha, okubaphuzayo izingxenye ezincane. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemashini okucisha, njenge-jaw crusher, cone crusher, kanye ne-impact crusher, zisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ezintweni kanye nezinto okufunwa yi-product yokugcina.
- Ukuhlunga: Ngemva kokucwiliswa, isithako sichazwa ukuze sihlukaniswe ziqembu ezahlukene zokulinganisela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezihlangene zihlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa ezithile zokusetshenziswa okuhlukene.
3. Ukucasha
Ukucasha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kwesihlabathi nangezitsha, ukususa izinto ezingcolisayo njenge-clay, silt, nothuli. Le nqubo iyenza ibe ngcono ikhwalithi yezinto ezihlangene futhi iqinisekise ukuxhumana okuhle ngesementi ezicwiliseni zekonkrithi.
4. Ukugcina izinto ezihlangene
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa, izinto ezihlangene zihlale ziguqulwa ukusetshenziswa kamuva. Izindlela ezingcono zokugcina izinto ezihlangene kubalulekile ukuze zivimbele
5. Ukuphepha Kokuhlolwa
Ukuphepha kokuhlolwa kuyinto ebalulekileyo ekusetshenzisweni kwamagqeshana. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagqeshana afana nezindinganiso kanye nemibandela yezimboni. Izindlela ezivamile zokuhlolwa zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlaziywa Kwezifunda: Kucacisa ukwahlukana kwesakhiwo somthamo wamagqeshana.
- Ubunzulu Bezinhlayiya nokuthuthukiswa: Kubala ubunzulu nokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi kwamagqeshana.
- I-Los Angeles Abrasion Test: Kubonisa ukuqinile nokusebenza kahle kwamagqeshana.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo: Kubonisa ukukumelana kwamagqeshana nomoya, nokuqina kwamanzi nokuqandwa.
Okubalulekile okubizayo okusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-aggregates ahlukene, ngayinye inempawu zayo ezihlukile nezimfanelo ezithinta ikhwalithi nokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina. Kusuka emaqaqweni ama-igneous, ezokungcola, nasezindwangu eziguquguqukayo kuya kumikhiqizo yezimboni kanye nezinto eziphindaphindiwe, ukukhetha izinto ezisemqoka kuncike kuzinto ezahlukene, kuhlanganise nezidingo ezithile zomsebenzi wokwakha, ukutholakala, izindleko, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho,Inqubo yokuguqula lezi zinto eziyisisekelo zibe ama-aggregates, ehlanganisa ukugqabhuka, ukuhlunga, ukuhlanza, nokwelinye ilanga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-aggregates ahlangabezana nemigomo eqinile yezimboni zokwakha. Ngokwazi kakusemhlabeni kokubili izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezindlela zokucubungula, imboni yokwakha ingaqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamagrafiti aphezulu ekhwalithi ahlinzeka ngokuqina nasekuphakamiseni imisebenzi yokwakha kube yisikhathi eside.
Thola Isisombululo
Thumela Umyalezo