Tsarin Inganta Ma'adanin Chromite

Summary: Hanyoyin inganta Chromite suna kunshe da matakai da dama, yawanci sun haɗa da Karyewa, Taƙaici, Rarrabewa, Mayar da hankali, da kuma Rage ruwa....

Ma'adinai chromite kayan albarkatun ƙasa ne mahimmanci don samar da chromium, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban kamar ƙera ƙarfe mai jure tsatsa, samar da sinadaran kimiyya, da kuma aiwatar da refractory. Tsarin bunƙasa ma'adinai na chromite yana nufin ware mahimman ma'adinai na chromite daga kayan gida na gangue da ke haɗe da shi, yana ƙara kuɗin chromium kuma yana sanya shi dacewa da ƙarin sarrafawa. Wannan labarin zai yi cikakken bincike game da tsarin bunƙasa ma'adinan chromite bisa jeri na bayanan da aka bayar, yana rufe kowace mataki daga yadda ake sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ma'adinai zuwa samar da tarin chromite.

Manufar Inganta Chromite

Albarkatun chromite suna bambanta sosai a cikin tsari, launi, da girman grains bisa ga asalin su na geoloji. Gabaɗaya, chromite yana samuwa a cikin duwatsu masu karfi na ultramafic da mafic, wanda akasari yana tare da serpentine, olivine, magnetite, da silicate gangue minerals.

Babban manufofin rashin ƙarancin chromite sune:

• Haɓaka abun Cr₂O₃ don cika ka'idodin kasuwa (yawanci >40% don ingancin ƙarfe).
• Cire gurbataccen abubuwa kamar silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, da iron oxides.
• Samu rarraba girman kwayoyin da ya dace don aikin ƙasa.
• Ka haɓaka dawo da ma'adanin chromite.

Tsarin Gudanar da Moriyar Chromite

Tsarin amfanin gona na Chromite yana da matakai da yawa, galibi yana haɗawa da Gurɓataccen ƙarya, Nika, Rarrabuwa, Tsara, da Ja ruwa. Zaɓin dabaru yana dogara da halayen ore da ƙa'idodin samfurin da ake so.

1. Sarrafa Ore Raw

Tsarin inganta man (chromite ore) yana farawa ne da sarrafa manfari. Manfari na farko, wanda a yawanci ake hakowa daga rijiyar buɗe ko na ƙasa, kafin komai ana shigar da shi cikin mai ciyarwa. Aikin mai ciyarwa shi ne ya daidaita yawan manfari, domin tabbatar da cewa ana ba da kayayyaki cikin natsuwa da sarrafawa zuwa mataki na gaba na tsumma. Wannan mataki na farko ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci domin yana kafa tushe ga dukan tsarin inganta, yana hana ƙari ko ƙaranci wajen ciyar da kayan aiki na tsumma.

2. Matakin Tsarke

2.1 Tsarin Tafasa na Farko

Gaskiya ne cewa mai kyau na ore daga mai fitarwa yana tura zuwa injin gyaran PE jaw don farko na rushewa. Injin gyaran PE jaw na da ƙarfi sosai wanda ke amfani da karfin matsa lamba don karya manyan kwayoyin ore zuwa ƙananan kwayoyi. Yana da babban bude shigarwa kuma yana iya ɗaukar kwayoyin da suka yi girma sosai. Aikin rushewa a cikin injin gyaran jaw yana faruwa yayin da jaw ɗin mai motsi ke matsa ore a kan jaw ɗin da aka kafa, yana rage girman sa. Fitarwa daga injin gyaran farko yawanci yana cikin kewayon wasu dari na millimita, wanda daga bisani zai zama shirye don ci gaba da sarrafawa a matakin rushewa na biyu.

2.2 Fashewa na Biyu

Bayan fashewa na farko, ana shigar da ma'adinan zuwa cikin injin fashewa na conical don fashewa na biyu. Injin fashewa na conical yana rage girman kwayoyin ma'adinan ta hanyar amfani da haɗin ƙarfin matsawa da ƙarfin yanka. Yana da dakin fashewa mai ƙyalli tare da mantle mai motsi da concave mai dindindin. Ana fashe ma'adinan yayin da yake wucewa ta cikin tazarar dake tsakanin mantle da concave, wanda ke haifar da rarrabewar girman kwaya mafi daidaito. Ana tantance samfurin daga injin fashewa na conical ta amfani da na'urar tantancewa mai tsalle. Na'urar tantancewa mai tsalle tana raba ma'adinan da aka fashe zuwa cikin kashi na girma daban-daban, tare da kwayoyi masu girma fiye da 20 mm suna komawa ga injin fashewa na conical don sake fata, da kwayoyi a cikin yankin girman da ake so (kasa da 3 mm a wannan yanayin) suna zuwa mataki na gaba na tsarin.

3. Nika

Ores da aka tace suna da girman ƙasa da 3 mm ana shigar da su cikin mill na ƙwallo don grinding. Mill na ƙwallo na’ura ce mai silinda cike da ƙwallon ƙarfe. Yayin da mill ke juyawa, ƙwallon ƙarfe suna yin faɗa da murkushe ƙwayoyin ore, suna rage su zuwa zarra mai kyau. Tsarin grinding yana da mahimmanci don fitar da ma'adanin chromite daga kayan gangue. Ana kula da matakin grinding da kyau don tabbatar da cewa ma'adanin chromite sun bayyana sosai ba tare da yin grinding fiye da kima ba, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin amfani da makamashi da samuwar ƙananan zarra da suke da wahalar a raba.

4. Rarrabawa

Bayannan karkashin wannan tsari, ruwan gwangwani daga injin ball yana shiga cikin mai rarrabawa mai kwarara. Mai rarrabawa mai kwarara yana amfani da banbanci a cikin saurin saukar da ƙwayoyin da suka bambanta a cikin ruwa don raba su. Manyan da nauyin ƙwayoyin suna sauka da sauri kuma ana ɗauke su ta hanyar mai kawo kwarara a ƙasan mai rarrabawa, yayin da ƙwayoyin ƙananan ke tsaya a cikin ruwan jujjuyawa kuma ana fitar da su a matsayin zuba. Ruwan da aka raba daga mai rarrabawa mai kwarara, wanda ke dauke da manyan ƙwayoyin, yawanci ana mayar da shi zuwa injin ball don ci gaba da nika, yayin da zuba, wanda ke dauke da ƙwayoyin da aka nika sosai, yana tafiya zuwa matakin tsarin haɗawa.

5. Mataki na Mayar da hankali

5.1 Jigging

Ginnin jigin dutse mai kyau daga cikin iska ta spiral classifier na fita na farko ana shigar da shi cikin jigger. Jigger na'urar rarrabewa ce ta nauyi wanda ke aiki bisa bambancin nauyin ƙasa na kayan kromit da kayan gangue. Kromit yana da nauyi mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan kayan gangue. A cikin jigger, ana amfani da ruwa mai tada hankali, wanda ke sanya ƙwayoyin kromit masu nauyi su sauka a ƙasan yayin da ƙwayoyin gangue masu haske ke kasancewa a saman. Samfurin ƙasan daga jigger shine mai ɗauke da yawa na kromit, wanda ake tura shi zuwa silos ɗin haɗe, yayin da tsakiyar gashinan da sauran tarkace na ci gaba da sarrafawa.

5.2 Rarrabewar Tsalle mai Layi

Tsakanin ma'adinai daga jigger ana shigar da shi cikin bututun lanƙwasawa mai lankwasa. Bututun lanƙwasawa wani na'urar rarrabewa ta nauyi ne wanda ke amfani da tasirin nauyi, ƙarfin centrifugal, da ƙura don rarrabe ƙwayoyin ƙasa. Yayin da ruwan ƙasa daga ma'adinai ke gudana ƙasa ta cikin bututun lanƙwasawa mai lanƙwasa, ƙwayoyin chromite masu nauyi suna matsawa zuwa cikin bututun sannan a tattara su a matsayin mai taro, yayin da ƙwayoyin gangue masu ƙanƙanta ke matsawa zuwa wajen bututun a matsayin sharar ƙasa. Ana aika mai taro daga cikin bututun lanƙwasawa zuwa silon taro, kuma ana iya ci gaba da sarrafa tsakiyar ma'adinai.

5.3 Raba Tabbataccen Tebur

Tsakar lu'u daga daga spiral chute da sauran samfuran tsaka-tsaki ana shigar da su cikin tebura masu rawa don ƙari rarrabuwa. Tebura masu rawa suna da matuƙar tasiri wajen rarraba ƙwayoyin ƙanƙan da ke da siriri bisa ga nauyin su na musamman, siffar su, da girman su. Teburin rawa yana da fuskantar gangara wadda ke taɓawa, yana jawo ƙwayoyin su motsa a cikin tsarin zig-zag. Ƙwayoyin chromite masu nauyi suna motsa cikin hankali kuma suna tattare a ƙarshen ƙasa na tebur, yayin da ƙwayoyin gangue masu nauyi mai sauƙi su motsa da sauri kuma a fitar da su a saman ƙarshe. Ana iya amfani da tebura masu rawa da yawa a cikin jerin don cimma ƙarin rarrabuwa da kuma ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tarin chromite mai kyau.

6. Mataki na Ƙanƙara

6.1 Kankara

Concentrate na chromite daga matakin tarawa yana ɗauke da babban adadin ruwa. Don rage yawan ruwan, ana fara shigar da concentrate a cikin ƙankara. Ƙankara babban akwati ne mai silinda inda ake barin ruwan kankara ya zauna ƙarƙashin tasirin nauyi. Yayin da ƙwayoyin ke zaune, ana juyar da ruwan mai tsabta a saman, kuma ana fitar da kankara mai kauri a ƙasan. Ƙankara tana taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan abubuwa na kankara daga ƙasa da kashi 20 - 30% zuwa kashi 40 - 60%.

6.2 Gyarawa da Kunya

Bayan ƙara kauri, ana shafa ƙarshe mai ƙarfi zuwa tacewar tabbashi. Tacewar tabbashi tana amfani da matsin tuntuɓe na iska don ja ruwa ta cikin samfurin tacewa, tana barin cakuda tacewa na ƙwaƙwalwar chromite. Hanyar tacewar iska ta ƙara rage yawan ruwa a cikin ƙarin kauri zuwa mataki da ya dace don ajiya da sufuri, yawanci kusan 8-12%. Sannan, za a mikawa ƙarin chromite ɗin zuwa silos na ƙara don ajiya na ƙarshe.

7. Bayar da Tattalin Arziki

Tsammani daga matakan raba daban-daban, wadanda mafi yawa su ne kayan gangue, ana tattarawa da kuma jefar da su cikin hanyoyin da suka dace da muhalli. Ana iya adana tsammani a cikin tabkin tsammani ko kuma a yi amfani da hanyoyin magani na gaba don samun ƙarin ma'adanai masu daraja da suka rage ko rage tasirin su a muhalli. A wasu lokuta, za a iya sake sarrafa tsammani ta amfani da ƙarin dabarun raba don ƙara yawan dawo da chromite daga ma'adinan da aka fara samu.

Inganta Tsarin da Kalubale

Ingantaccen Tsari

Domin inganta ingancin aiki da kuma yiwuwar tattalin arzikin aikin samarda chromite, za a iya ɗaukar matakai da dama na ingantawa. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙara daidaita ƙayyadaddun ƙilitar da niƙa don cimma mafi kyawun sakin kayan chromite yayin da ake rage amfani da makamashi. Zaɓi da daidaita ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin raba, irin su kwarar ruwa a cikin na'urorin jiggers da kuma girman rawar motsi na teburi mai rawar suna da matuƙar tasiri wajen ingancin rabewa. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da tsarin kula da tsarin ci gaba na zamani na taimakawa wajen sa ido da daidaita aikin a lokaci guda, wanda zai tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da kuma samar da kayayyaki masu inganci sosai.

Kalubale

Hanyoyin inganta maɗaukaki na ma'adinai na chromite suna fuskantar ƙalubale da dama. ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen shi ne ƙalubale na canjin ingancin ma'adinai na ƙasan. Kajin makamashin chromite suna iya kasancewa da bambance-bambancen ma'adinai, grade, da kuma rarraba ƙwayoyin ƙwakwalwa, waɗanda za su iya shafar yadda aikin ingantawa yake gudana. Wani ƙalubale kuma shi ne kare muhalli. Hanyoyin ingantawa na samar da tarin ɓarnar gajiya masu yawa, waɗanda dole ne a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata domin hana gurbata muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da ruwa a cikin wannan tsari na iya zama matsala a wuraren da ruwa ke ƙanƙanta, kuma ana buƙatar ƙoƙari don haɓaka fasahohin ceton ruwa da tsarin sake amfani da ruwa.

Tsarin inganta ma'adinan chromite yana da matakai masu yawa da kuma rikitarwa wanda ke ƙunshe da jerin dabarun raba jiki don fitar da mahimman ma'adanai na chromite daga ma'adanin farko. Kowanne mataki, daga sarrafa ma'adanin farko har zuwa samar da ruwan chromite da kuma zubar da tarkace, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da inganci da tasiri gaba ɗaya na tsarin. Ta hanyar fahimtar ka'idodi da ayyukan kowanne mataki, tare da magance kalubale da damammaki don ingantawa, masana'antar inganta ma'adinan chromite za ta iya ci gaba da inganta aikinta kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga samar da chromium mai ɗorewa don amfani daban-daban na masana'antu.