Tashar Sarrafa Mai ƙarfe: Tsari da kayan aiki

Takaitawa：Wannan makala ta bayar da cikakken bayani akan tashoshin sarrafa mai ƙarfe, tana rufe halayen ƙarfe, hanyoyin sarrafawa, hanyoyin aiwatarwa, kayan aikin da aka haɗa, da la'akari da muhalli.

Aikin inganta jirgin ƙarfe yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adanai da na ƙarfe, wanda aka sanya shi don inganta ingancin jirgin ƙarfe ta hanyar cire datti da ƙara yawan ƙarfe. Tsarin ingantawa yana canza jirgin ƙarfe mai aiki zuwa maɗaukaki wanda ya dace da amfani a cikin ƙera ƙarfe da sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Tare da karuwar buƙatar jirgin ƙarfe mai inganci da kuma ƙarancin ajiyar ƙarfe masu kyau, masana'antu na ingantawa sun zama wajibi don ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai masu dorewa.

Wannan labarin yana bayar da cikakken bayani kantsarin aikin inganta ƙarfe, yana ƙunshe da halayen ƙarfe, hanyoyin inganta shi, tsarin aiki, kayan aikin da aka haɗa, da la'akari da muhalli.

Halayen ƙarfe

Karfe yana daga cikin duwatsu da ƙwayoyin halitta wanda daga cikinsu za a iya samun ƙarfe na ƙarfe ta hanyar ƙimar tattalin arziki. Nau'in ƙarfe mafi yawa sun haɗa da:

• Hematite:Karfen inganci mai ƙunshe da kusan 70% ƙarfe.
• Magnetite:Yana ƙunshe da kusan 72% ƙarfe kuma yana da maganadisu.
• Limonite:Contains 55-60% iron.
• Siderite:Contains about 48% iron.

Ingancin ƙarfe na mai ƙarfi yana dogara ne akan abun ƙarfe dinsa da kasancewar ƙazanta kamar silika, alumina, phosphorus, sulfur, da sauran ma'adinai na ƙazanta. An tsara inganta mai ƙarfi don ƙara abun ƙarfe da rage ƙazanta.

Fa'idodin Ingantaccen Mai ƙarfi

• Ƙara abun ƙarfe:Don samar da miyar ƙarfe mai inganci da ta dace da samar da ƙarfe.
• Ƙarƙashin ƙazanta:Rage silika, alumina, phosphorus, sulfur, da sauran kayan da ba a so.
• Improve physical properties:Inganta girman kwayoyi da siffa don kyakkyawan kulawa da sarrafa.
• Optimize downstream processes:Inganta tsarin pelleting, sintering, da smelting.

Iron Ore Beneficiation Process

Tsarin inganta ƙarfen ƙarfe yawanci yana ƙunshe da matakai da dama:Rugujewa → Moulding → Rarrabawa → Tattara → Cire ruwa → Pelleting ko Sintering

1. Iron Ore Crushing

Matakin farko a cikin inganta ƙarfen ƙarfe shi ne rugujewa da nika, wanda ke rage girman ƙarfen ƙarfe na asali don sakin ma'adanai masu ɗauke da ƙarfe daga kayayyakin gangue da ke kewaye.

Primary Crushing:Iron ore ana jigilar ta hanyar motoci ko tsarin jigilar daga wurin hakar zuwa tashar aiki. Kyakkyawan ciyarwa yana tabbatar da ci gaba mai dorewa. Manyan tubalin ƙarfe ana rage su da girma ta hanyar na'urorin murɗa ko gyratory zuwa kimanin 150 mm, wanda ke sauƙaƙe sarrafawa da ƙarin tsarin aiki.

Secondary Crushing:Ƙarin rage girma zuwa ƙasa da 20-50 mm ana cimma ta hanyar na'urorin murɗa na cone. Masu watsewa suna raba ƙwayoyin ƙarfe bisa girma, suna kai kayan zuwa ƙarin niƙa ko wasu tsarin aiki.

2. Grinding

Bayan crushed, milling mills (kamar ball mills ko rod mills) suna rage girman kwayoyin ƙarfe zuwa ƙura mai kyau, yawanci suna nufin 80% suna wuce 200 mesh (kimanin 75 microns). Wannan ƙwanƙwasawa mai kyau yana tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfen suna samun isasshen 'yanci daga gangue don rarrabewa ta gaba.

Ingantaccen karyewar da ƙwanƙwasawa na ƙarfe mai ƙarfe suna da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda OVERGRINDING na iya haifar da ƙarin fines, yana ƙara wahalar hanyoyin da ke ƙasa da ƙara ƙarfin amfani.

3. Screening and Classification

bayan rage girma, hadewar ƙarfe tana fuskantar tantancewa da rarrabawa don raba ƙwayoyin bisa ga girma da kauri.

• Tantancewa: Manyan na'urorin tantancewa ko na'urorin girgiza suna raba manyan ƙwayoyi daga ƙananan a cikin abincin ƙarfe. Wannan mataki yana tabbatar da cewa kawai kayan ƙarfe da suka dace da girman su ne za su cigaba da mataki na gaba, yana inganta ingancin aikin.
• Rarrabawa: Hydrocyclones ko masu rarrabawa na spiral suna raba ƙwayoyin ƙarfe bisa ga kauri da girma a cikin salo ruwan zuma. Wannan rarrabawar tana taimakawa wajen jagorantar rabo daban-daban na girma zuwa hanyoyin inganta da suka dace.

Proper screening and classification optimize the feed for iron ore concentration processes, improving recovery rates and product quality.

4. Concentration of Iron Ore

Concentration is the core beneficiation stage where valuable iron minerals are separated from the waste gangue in the iron ore.

• Gravity Separation:Utilizes differences in specific gravity between iron minerals and gangue within the iron ore.
• Magnetic Separation:Employs magnetic fields to isolate magnetic iron minerals in the iron ore.
• Flotation:Yana amfani da magungunan kimiya da kumfa na iska don raba ƙarfe mai karfi daga gangue mai ruwa a cikin kananan kankara na ƙarfe.

Zaben hanyoyin mai da hankali yana dogara ne akan nau'in ƙarfe, girman kankara, da mineralogy.

5. Ruwan gajiya

Bayan mai da hankali, ƙarfe mai kyau da aka samu yana dauke da babban adadin ruwa, wanda dole ne a cire don sauƙaƙe sarrafawa, sufuri, da ci gaba da aiki.

• Thickening:Masu kauri na nauyi suna mai da hankali kan slurry ɗin ƙarfe ta hanyar rarraba ƙazanta, suna rage adadin ruwa.
• Filtration:Masu tacewa na vacuum ko matsin lamba suna rage danshi a cikin tarin ƙarfe zuwa matakan da suka dace, akai-akai ƙasa da 10%.

Ingantaccen cire ruwa daga tarin ƙarfe yana rage kuɗin bushewa kuma yana hana lalacewar kayan yayin ajiyar da sufuri.

6. Kwallafa ko Sintering

Mataki na ƙarshe yana shirya tarin ƙarfe don amfani a cikin yin ƙarfe.

• Kwallafa:Tarin ƙarfe na ƙananan yana haɗuwa cikin ƙwayoyin sphericha ta amfani da masu haɗawa kamar bentonite. Kwallan ƙarfe suna da girma iri ɗaya, karfi da aka inganta, da kuma damar shakar ruwa, suna mai su zama masu kyau don abinci na tukunyar fashewa.
• Sintering:Hadin gawayi na ƙarfe yana haɗu da fluxes da ƙananan coke sannan kuma a yi zafi don samar da sinter, wani tarin porous da ya dace da amfani da furnaces masu patwari.

Wannan tsari yana inganta aikin ƙarfe da kuma ƙara ingancin furnace.

Hanyoyin Amfani da ƙarfe na Gawayi na Gabaɗaya

1. Rarrabuwa ta Hanyar Raɗa

Rarrabuwa ta hanyar raɗa tana amfani da bambancin nauyi tsakanin ƙarfe da ƙananan kayan ƙura a cikin gawayi don cimma rarrabawa.

Manufa:Mineral ƙarfe masu nauyi (magnetite, hematite) a cikin gawayin ƙarfe suna zaune cikin sauri fiye da ƙananan ƙura yayin da ake ƙarƙashin ƙarfin raɗa a cikin yanayin ruwa.

Kayayyakin aiki:

• Jigs:Yi amfani da ruwan da ke tashi tashi don raba kwayoyin zarra na ƙarfe bisa zurfin su.
Shaking Tables: Yi amfani da motsin girgiza da kwararar ruwa don raba kwayoyin zarra na ƙarfe bisa girman takamaiman.
• Spiral Concentrators:Yi amfani da nauyi da ƙarfin centrifugal a cikin ruwan spiral don raba amfanin ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
• Amfani:Yana da amfani ga kwayoyin zarra na ƙarfe masu dumi da ma'adinai da ke da babbar rarrabewar dumi, kamar magnetite da hematite tare da babban yawan dumi. Raba nauyi yana amfani akai-akai a matsayin mataki na farko a cikin inganta ƙarfe kafin tsarin magnetic ko na tashi.

2. Magnetic Separation

Raba da Jirgin Lantarki yana da amfani sosai wajen inganta ƙarfe mai karfi na magnetite kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, don inganta ƙarfe mai ƙarancin emo kamar hematite.

Manufa:Masu raba lantarki suna amfani da filayen lantarki don jawo ƙarfe na zahiri a cikin ƙarfe, suna raba su daga gangue mara jiki.

Types of Magnetic Separators:

• Low-Intensity Magnetic Separators (LIMS):Mai dacewa da ƙarfe mai karfi na magnetite. High-Intensity Magnetic Separators (HIMS): Ana amfani da su don ƙarfe na zahiri mai rauni kamar hematite da kananan ƙwayoyi.
• Wet and Dry Magnetic Separators:Masu raba wahala da bushe suna aiki da ruwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, suna inganta ingancin raba; masu raba bushe suna kula da kayan ƙarfe bushe.
• Amfani:Masana'antar amfanin ƙarfe na magnetite suna amfani da rabon maganadisu sosai don samun ingantaccen ƙarfe. Hakanan ana amfani da shi bayan niƙa don dawo da abubuwan ƙarfe daga ƙarfe.

3. Flotation of Iron Ore

Flotation wata hanya ce ta amfanin ƙima na sinadarai da aka fi amfani da ita don ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙarfe da ma'adanin da rabon maganadisu ba za ta yi aiki ba.

Manufa:In flotation, reagents such as collectors and frothers are added to an iron ore slurry. Hydrophobic iron ore minerals attach to air bubbles and rise to the surface, forming a froth layer that is skimmed off, while hydrophilic gangue sinks.

Kayayyakin aiki:

• Cellin Mechanical Flotation:Su ne suna ƙara motsawa da iska don inganta haɗin ƙwayoyin kumfa a cikin ruwan ƙarfe.
• Cellin Column Flotation:Sun bayar da dawo mai girma da zaɓi tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin floatin ƙarfe.
• Amfani:Froth flotation yana da amfani musamman ga hematite da siderite iron ore tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jiki da babban yawan silica. Yana ba da damar cire shara silica da alumina, yana inganta ingancin karin ƙarfe.

4. Tattaku da Nika

Ingantaccen tattaku da nika na ƙarfe yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasarar fa'idar ƙawa.

Na'urar Tattaku:

• Masu Tafkawa na Hanci:Masu tattaku na farko waɗanda ke sarrafa manyan kankara na ƙarfe.
• Masu rushewa na Cone:Masu tattaku na biyun don rage ƙarfe zuwa ƙananan ƙananan.
• Masu Tattaku na Gyratory:Ana amfani da su a cikin manyan ayyukan ƙarfe don tattaku na farko.

Na'urar Nika:

• Millan Ball:Millan silinda tare da kayan nika wanda ke rage ƙarfe zuwa foda mai kyau.
• Millan Rod:Ana amfani da rods a matsayin kayan nika, wanda ya dace da nika mai zurfi na ƙarfe.
• Vertical Roller Mills:Milluna masu inganci na makamashi da ake amfani da su a wasu zamani na shahararrun sararin ƙarfe.

Muhimman Abubuwa:

• Karewa daga yawan nika ƙarfe don rage samar da ƙananan kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke ƙara wahalar rarrabawa.
• Kula da ingantaccen girman nika don ƙara 'yantarwa da dawo da kayan ƙarfe.

La'akari da Muhalli

Matakan inganta ƙarfe suna bukatar magance tasirin muhalli:

• Kula da Ƙazanta:Tsarin zubar da ƙazanta da yiwuwar sake amfani da ƙazantar.
• Amfani da Ruwa:Recycling and treatment of process water.
• **Sarrafa Gurbin Fanko:** Minimizing dust emissions during crushing and handling.
• Ingancin Aiki:Optimizing equipment and processes to reduce energy consumption.

Recent Advances and Trends

• Automation and Control:Use of sensors, AI, and machine learning to optimize processes.
• Dry Beneficiation:Reducing water usage by employing dry magnetic or electrostatic separation.
• Waste Valorization:Utilizing tailings for construction materials or other applications.
• Energy-efficient Grinding:High-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) da ƙwayoyin wanda aka yi juyawa.

Amfanin ƙarfe yana da hadaddun tsari, matakai da yawa wanda ke haɗawa da karya, ƙoda, tantancewa, ƙara yawa, bushewa, da tarwatsa. Kowanne mataki yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da fasahohi da aka keɓance ga ƙwayoyin ƙarfe da halayen jiki. Ci gaban fasahar amfanin ƙarfe na ci gaba da inganta ƙimar dawo da, ingancin samfur, da dorewar muhalli, yana tabbatar da amfani mai inganci na albarkatun ƙarfe don cika bukatun ƙarfe na duniya.