Takaitawa：Wannan jagorar tana nazarin kayan albarkatun don injinan yin yashi, daga granit zuwa kongir (concrete) mai dawo da amfani, da yadda halayensu ke tantance ingancin yashin ƙarshe da ingancin samarwa.

Canjin kayan albarkatun zuwa yashi mai inganci (wanda akafi kira "M-Yashi") shine tubalin ginin zamani da ci gaban abubuwan more rayuwa. Duk da cewa injin yin yashi da kansa—da yawanci a matsayin injin ƙarfe na Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) ko injin kumfa mai inganci—shine injin wannan tsari, zabin kayan albarkatun yana daga cikin muhimman abubuwa da ke tantance nasarar wannan aikin. Ba duk duwatsu ko kayan shayarwa aka kirkiro daidai ba; halayensu na ƙasa suna tantance ingancin aikin hakowa, farashin lalacewar akan injin, da ingancin yashin ƙarshe.

Wannan labarin yana bayar da cikakken bincike kan kayan aikin da aka saba da na musamman da ake amfani da su wajen samar da yashi, yana nazarin halayensu, fa'idodi, kalubale, da tasirin su daga karshe kan dacewar yashi da aka samar don amfani daban-daban.

sand making machine

1. Hoton Kayan Aiki Mafi Kyawu

Kafin shiga cikin takamaiman nau'in dutse, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci halayen da ke sa kayan aiki ya dace da yin yashi. Kayan aikin da ya dace yana da wadannan halaye:

  • Abrasion Resistance:Abun yana da matsakaicin karfi na matsawa amma yana da wahalar gajiya. Duwatsu masu jima jima (kamar wasu granites masu yawan quartz) za su samar da sand mai inganci amma a farashin gajiya mai sauri akan jikin inji, maƙwabta, da rotor.
  • Low Clay and contaminant Content:Samun laka, silt, ko abu mai jiki yana da matuƙar cutarwa. Wadannan datti suna rufe kwayoyin dutsen, suna hana karko da kyau, kuma za su iya haifar da toshewa. Hakanan suna shafar ingancin siminti ta hanyar katse tsarin haɗakar siminti.
  • Cubic Grain Structure:Duwa dakaru sukan saba da zama a cikin tsari na cubic ko siffar spheri (misali, basalt, diabase) ana fifita su a kan wadanda ke samar da kasa mai yawan sharan ko tsawo (misali, wasu schists, laminated limestone). Cubic grains suna ba da inganci mafi kyau da karfi a cikin hadin concreto.
  • Optimal Feed Size:Abin da ake shigarwa cikin mai yin yashi dole ne ya zama daidai girma, yawanci tsakanin 0-40mm, yayin da yawanci shine samfurin mataki na farko da na biyu na rarraba. Abun da ya yi girma fiye da kima na iya haifar da toshewa da rashin daidaito, yayin da yawan fines mai yawa na iya rage inganci.

2. Abubuwan Hada Hanya na Farko Don Yin Yashi

Waɗannan suna daga duwatsu na asali da aka fitar daga gindin ƙaura, musamman don samar da tarin da yashi.

2.1. Giranite

Azaman daya daga cikin shahararrun duwatsu na wuta, giranite yana zama zaɓi na yau da kullum don samar da yashi.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Yana da ƙarfi, mai ɗaukar nauyi, kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai saboda yawan abubuwan quartz da yake ɗauke da su.
  • Amfanin:Yana samar da yashi da aka ƙera mai ƙarfi, inganci tare da kyakkyawar ɗorewa. Samfurin karshe yana da kyau don siminti mai ƙarfi da asphalt.
  • Challenges:Babban karfi na gajiya yana haifar da babban shafe akan kayan aikin murhar, wanda ke haifar da karin kudin aiki don sassan gajiya. Hanyar karshe na granulu na iya zama daɗan mai tsawo fiye da sauran dutse idan ba a murɗe shi da kyau ba.

2.2. Basalt da Diabase (Dolerite)

Wannan dutsen yana da kauri, yana da kyau wanda aka san shi da ingantaccen aiki a cikin samar da hadin gwiwa.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Yana da kauri sosai, mai wahala, kuma yana da tsari na crystal wanda ke da kyau sosai da ke hadewa.
  • Amfanin:Sun kasance sananne wajen samar da kwayoyin siffar kubi, wanda ya dace da yashi. Yashin da aka samar daga basalt yana bayar da babbar karfi da halayen haɗi a cikin siminti.
  • Challenges:Similar to granite, basalt is abrasive. Its high toughness can also lead to higher energy consumption during crushing.

2.3. Limestone

As a sedimentary rock, limestone is softer than igneous rocks like granite and basalt.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Moderately hard, but less abrasive. Its calcium carbonate composition makes it susceptible to acid erosion, which can limit its use in certain environments.
  • Amfanin:Lower abrasivity translates to significantly lower wear costs on the sand making machine. It is easy to crush and shape, often resulting in a good cubic shape.
  • Challenges:The final sand product has lower strength compared to granite or basalt sand, making it more suitable for masonry mortar, plastering, or lower-grade concrete. It is not recommended for exposed structures or in areas with acid rain.

2.4. River Gravel / Natural Pebbles

Naturally rounded stones sourced from riverbeds or glacial deposits have been a traditional raw material.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Hard and durable, but with a smooth, rounded surface due to natural weathering.
  • Amfanin:The material itself is typically very clean (low in clay and silt).
  • Challenges:The rounded shape is the primary drawback. It is more challenging for a sand maker to break rounded pebbles into angular, interlocking sand particles. This process consumes more energy and can result in a higher percentage of undesirable, fine dust (microfines). The resulting sand may lack the mechanical interlocking properties of crushed sand.

Raw Materials for Sand Making Machine

3. Alternative and Secondary Raw Materials

In line with sustainable development principles, the industry is increasingly turning to alternative materials, which also present unique processing challenges.

3.1. Gina da Rushe (C&D) Kayan Shara

Rikodin concrete, tiles, da kuma ado daga gine-gine da aka rushe suna wakiltar babban albarkar darajar.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Kayan hadin gwiwa na daban-daban na concrete, mortar, keramika, da wasu wasu abubuwan da ba a so kamar itace, gypsum, ko ƙarfe.
  • Amfanin:Yana karkatar da shara daga gidajen ajiyar shara, yana kiyaye albarkatun halitta, kuma yana ba da tushen kayan ƙrawa mai arha.
  • Challenges:Yana buƙatar sarrafawa mai hazaka, gami da raba magnetic don cire rebar, tantancewa don cire kayan da ba a so, kuma akasari ana rarraba hannu. Sandin da aka sake amfani da shi na ƙarshe na iya ƙunshe da tsohon mortar, wanda zai iya ƙara shan ruwan sa kuma ya rage ƙawancen sa idan aka kwatanta da sandin asali. Ana amfani da shi a lokuta masu inganci ƙasa kamar tushe hanya ko a matsayin kari, sai dai idan an sarrafa shi zuwa matakan inganci sosai.

3.2. Ruwan Gwanjon Ma'adinai

Karamin gajeren abu daga aikin hakar ma'adanai yana da karuwar sha'awa.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Wannan slurry na ƙananan ƙwayoyin, wanda galibi ke ƙunshe da sinadirai da lemu.
  • Amfanin:Yana bayar da mafita ga babban batun muhalli na ajiyar gwanjona. Zai iya zama tushen gajeren abu.
  • Challenges:Babban kalubale shine fitar da ruwa da sarrafa yiwuwar gurbatar sinadarai. Ana iya bukatar a sarrafa (wanke da magani sinadari) don zama lafiya da inganci don amfani a ginin. Sandin da aka samar yawanci yana da kyau sosai kuma yana iya bukatar haɗawa da manyan aggregates.

3.3. Kayyakin da Ake Samuwa daga Masana'antu

Fitar gurbataccen daga masana'antar ƙarfe (fitar murhu, fitar ƙarfe) misali ne mai bayyana.

  • Abubuwan Da Suka Fito:Waɗannan kayan vitreous, masu ƙarin foda yawanci suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna da kusurwa.
  • Amfanin:Yeren gurbataccen na iya nuna kyawawan halaye na механика, wani lokacin ya fi yaren ƙasa na halitta kyau. Amfani da gurbataccen yana canza wani abu na shara ta masana'antu zuwa wani mai daraja.
  • Challenges:Haɓakar yawan ƙarfe na iya zama matsala tare da wasu nau'ikan gurbataccen ƙarfe wanda ba a tsufa ba, yana buƙatar jiyya da gwaji kafin amfani don tabbatar da dorewa na dogon lokaci a cikin siminti.

4. Mahimmancin Hada: Abun Hada da Tsarin Yin Rairayin Ruwa

Zaben abun hada yana shafar aikin injin yin rairayin ruwa da tsarin dukkan shuka mai sarrafa.

  • Type na Makaranta da Ma'auni:Don dutse mai zafi kamar granit, ana iya fifita tsarin "dugdugu-akan-dugdugu" VSI don rage farashin gurbatawa, kodayake tare da karamin musayar a cikin samar da kuraye. Don dutsen da ba a zafi ba, tsarin "dugdugu-akan-kalwan" na iya haifar da karuwar samar da rairayin ruwa masu kyau. Hakanan, ana daidaita saurin rotor gwargwadon sassaucin aikin dutsen da kuma nau'in grains da ake so.
  • Washing and Classification:Abubuwan da ke da yawan dakin laka (kamar wasu najasa C&D ko tarin halitta) suna bukatar hada log washer ko attrition scrubber a cikin tsarin tashar. Daidaitaccen rarrabuwa ta amfani da screens da hydrocyclones yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa taga na ƙarshe na yashi da cire ƙarin microfines (
  • Wear Parts Management:Hankalin rashin tsari na kayan cin abinci yana tsara lokacin rayuwar kayan worn (impellers, anvils, liners) kuma yana shafar farashin aiki kai tsaye. Zabar karafa mai kyau (misali, high-chrome white iron don abinci mai tsanani) yana zama martani kai tsaye ga halayen kayan mentin.

In summary, selecting the right raw material is a crucial, practical decision for any sand-making operation. The optimal choice depends on the project's goals, local availability, and cost considerations. High-quality igneous rocks like basalt and granite produce premium sand for demanding applications, while softer rocks like limestone are cost-effective for general use. Furthermore, alternative materials like recycled concrete offer a sustainable path forward. Ultimately, success hinges on a clear understanding of the raw material's properties—its hardness, abrasiveness, and composition—and configuring the sand-making plant accordingly. By matching the material to the machine and the application, operators can reliably produce high-quality sand that meets the specific needs of the construction industry.