Isiphetho:Lena incwadi ihlola imishini eyisixhenxe ebalulekile yokucubungula imithombo, kusuka ezicshekeni ezikhulu nezinduku ze-bola kuya kumaseli wokukhushulwa nokuqinisa, ichaza izindima zazo ezibalulekile.
Ukucubungula kwemaminerali, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuklwebha kwemaminerali noma ukwenziwa kukasirha, kuyiyo ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile nesayensi yokuguqula isikhumba se-ore esivela emathunjini sibe umkhiqizo onenzuzo. Uhambo oluvela etafuleni elichotshozwayo lufaka phakathi uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokunciphisa nokuhlukanisa, ngayinye izithembele kumishini ethile kakhulu:jaw crushers, cone crushers, ball mills, hydrocyclones, flotation machines, magnetic separators and thickeners. Ndawonye, lezi zinhlelo zenza izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukwenza, nokukhipha amanzi, zandisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwensimbi, zinciphisa ivolumu yokuhamba nokugaya, futhi zandisa ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi ngokuphelele.
1. I-Jaw Crusher: Ukuphuka Okokuqala
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:I- Isithuthuthu sokuqhekeza izinto. ingxenye yokuqala yokuvikela emjikelezweni wokunciphisa usayizi. Inhloso yayo iqinile futhi ilula: ukumukela ama-lumps amakhulu kakhulu e-run-of-mine (ROM) ore, angadlula u-meter ububanzi, futhi uwanciphise ube usayizi ophathwayo (ngokuvamile 100-250 mm) ukuze kusebenza esigabeni esilandelayo sokuphahlazeka.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:Ijaw crusher iqukethe i-jaw engashintshi ne-jaw eshintshashintshayo. Ijolisi idluliselwa phezulu kobuchwepheshe bemshini. Njengoba i-jaw eshintshashintshayo ihamba cyclically ibheke ku-jaw engashintshi, ibhafa i-rock phakathi kwayo, iyiphule. Ukunyakaza phansi kwe-jaw eshintshashintshayo kuvumela umkhiqizo ophukile ukuthi uthuthumele phansi embikweni bese uphuma ezansi.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Ukulula kwako, ukwakhiwa okuqinile, nokukwazi ukuphatha ukudla okuyinqaba, okuthambekele ekuphakanyisweni, nokuhluka kakhulu okungathathwa ngokuncane ngaphambi kokusebenza kwenza kube yi-champion engathandwa kwezokuhlasela eziyikhiavha. Uyi-machina engadingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu, enezinkampani eziphezulu ezifaka isiteji zokusebenza zonke eziphakeme. Akukho crusher eyahlukeneyo evumelanayo emsebenzini ophakeme wokuphatha i-ore engaqedwanga.
2. I-Cone Crusher: Ukuhluza Kwesibili Nezesekeli
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Ngemuva kwe-jaw crusher, i-cone crusherithatha isikhundla sokuhluza kwesibili (futhi ngokuvamile kwesithathu). Umsebenzi wayo uwukunciphisa usayizi we-ore ukuze ube umkhiqizo ophumelelayo, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-10 mm no-40 mm, ofaneleka ukuhlinzeka imifino yokugaya.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo: I-ore iyafakwa phezulu kwendawo yokugcina ebheke phezulu. Ngaphakathi, i-motor-driven mantle iyagijima ngaphakathi kwe-bowl liner engashintshi. Ukugijima kudala amandla okuhlanganisa aphelisa idwala phakathi kwe-mantle ne-bowl liner. Isikhala phakathi kwe-mantle kanye ne-concave siphawula usayizi womkhiqizo.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Izikhukhula zekhono zinikeza ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kakhulu kokukwazi okuphezulu, usayizi omuhle wempahla, nemali ephansi yokusebenza emsebenzini wazo. Uhlelo lwe-hydroset lwamanje luvumela abasebenzi ukuthi balungise usettings ze-crusher ngaphakathi komthwalo, bephucula usayizi wempahla nokuhamba kwezimpahla ngesikhathi sangempela. Ziyizikhukhula ezisebenziseka kakhulu ezinsakazweni ezinzima nezithambile ezinqubweni zokuphuca eziphakathi.
3. Ibhola Mill: Inhliziyo Yokukhululwa Ezinqoceni Zokugaya
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Uma ukuwa kukhuluma ngencane, ukugaya kukhuluma ngokukhululwa. Umsebenzi obalulekile we-bhola mill uwukupholisa umgodi owonakele waba iphunga elihle, imvamisa kube nesimilo se-sand noma i-silt (ngaphansi kuka-0.1 mm). Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze ihlukanise ama-grain amancane aluhlaza ashisayo kanye ne-gangue (idaka elingavuselekanga) lapho abanokulibazisa khona.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:Ai-ball milliyindandatho eshaywayo eyinhlangothi egcwele ngengxenye yemidiya yokugaya—ngokuvamile amabhola ensimbi aqinile. I-ore ifakwa ngamanzi emkhakheni. Njengoba umkhakha uhamba, amabhola akhuphuka bese ehla, ethinta futhi ehluza izinhlayiya ze-ore, azinciphisa abe yinqwaba yezinhlayiya ezincane.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Ukwenza ingxenye engaphezu kwenkulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekprocessing yeziqu, kuvamile ukuthi kudle ngaphezulu kwengxenye ye-plant's total energy. I-ball mill iyinsiza enkulu yalezi zinyathelo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo, ikhono lokuthola umkhiqizo omncane kakhulu, kanye nokuguquguquka ekuphatheni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-ore.
4. Hydrocyclone: Umklamo Osebenzayo
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Ukugqoka akusebenzi kahle uma kungenziwa ukuphathwa. I-hydrocyclone iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa elisetshenziswa emjikelezweni ophelile nge-ball mill. Inhloso yayo ukuhluza ukuphuma kwe-mill ibe ngenxa kwemikhiqizo emibili: i-"underflow" eqinile ethanda ukugqokwa okwengeziwe kanye ne-"overflow" elula eyanele futhi ilungele ukuhlukaniswa.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:I-ore slurry iphushwa ithambile ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-hydrocyclone eyindilinga ngaphandle kwengcindezi. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo ophakeme ophakeme. Izingxenye ezinzima nezimnandi ziwiswa ezindongeni futhi ziye ngaphakathi ziye phezulu komjikelezo ophakeme. Izingxenye ezincane, ezingabazile zithweswa ngaphakathi ziye emapheshaneni futhi ziphume phezulu ngomjikelezo ophakeme njengokuphuma.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Hydrocyclones azinawo amagxolo agijimayo, abiza kancane ukufaka nokusebenza, futhi angakwazi ukuphatha ama-volume amakhulu e-slurry. Ayithuluzi eliyinhloko lokulawula Usayizi wemikhiqizo kusuka emjikelezweni wokugaya, aqinisekisa ukuthi amandla awasetshenziswa ngokweqile ngokugaya kakhulu ama-particles asevele akhululiwe.
5. Umshini Wokuflofisa: Imsindo Yokwahlukanisa Okukhethiweyo
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Ukuflofisa kwefroth kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile ku-gangue. Kuyashintshwa kakhulu futhi kungalungiswa ukuhlukanisa amaminerali athile kwabanye ngokusekelwe kukakhasi wabo.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:Umlotha ophumelelayo ovela ekuqhumeni uhlolwa ngezithako ezithile ezenza ukuthi amaminerali afunwa abe hydrophobic (ukuphikisa amanzi) kanti abanye abe hydrophilic (ukudonsa amanzi). Umoya ubhujiswa ngokusebenzisa i-pulp ehlosiwe. Ama-particles hydrophobic abamba kumabhamuza omoya futhi aphakanyiswa ukuze akhe i-froth layer phezulu kwensiza, ethathwa njenge-concentrate. Ama-particles hydrophilic ahlala emlotheni futhi aphuma njengama-tailings.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Flotation iyakhuluma kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle, ikwazi ukubuyisa izinto ezincane kakhulu ezingakwazi ezinye izindlela. Iyi musho wezimali ezisemqoka (copper, lead, zinc), zinsimbi eziyigugu, kanye nezimboni zezimangalo. Umshini wokuflotation yindawo lapho amakhemikhali nezibalo zihlangana khona ukuze zakhe inani lezomnotho.
6. Umhlukanisi Ongenamagnethi: Amandla Okudonsa
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Le mikhiqizo ihlukanisa izimangalo ngokususelwa kumagciwane awo omagnethi. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi processing iron ores (magnetite) kodwa ibalulekile futhi ekususeni ukungcola kwemagnethi (isb., ukungcola kwensimbi) noma ukuhluza izimangalo eziparamagnetic ezifana ne-ilmenite ne-wolframite.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:Umklamo osekelwe oyisisekelo ubandakanya idrum ejikayo ehlanganisa uhlu olungashintshi lwezinkanyezi zomjikelezo noma ezishayelayo. Njengoba ithusi lidlula phezu kwedrum, ama-particles anama-magnetic akhwezwa futhi abanjwe ebusweni bedrum, ethwele kude nomgwaqo wezinto ezingama-magnetic ngaphambi kokukhululwa.
Kungani kungabalulekile: Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinto zethusikuwumqondo ocacile, osebenza kahle, futhi onobungozi obuphansi obungadingi izinyathelo zokwazisa. Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokugxila okuhlangene okuthembekile kwe-iron ore kanye nesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhlanzeka emaningi amanye amakhono okusebenza, kusuka ekukhiqizeni izihlahla zeglasi kuze kube sekuphindisela.
7. Uthuli: Umgibeli Wamanzi Nokuphathwa Kwamathoni
Umsebenzi kanye Neqhaza:Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa, bobabili umkhiqizo owusizo kanye namathoni angcolile atholakala ngendlela ye-slurry equkethe u-70-80% wamanzi. Inhloso yomthunzi ukwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-solid-liquid, ukukhiqiza i-slurry ye-underflow eqinile kanye ne-overflow yamanzi acwebezela angabuyiselwa emplantini yokucubungula.
Indlela Osebenza Ngayo:ISlurry ifakwa ethankini enkulu, eyindilinga. Izinto eziphumuza zengezwa kaningi ukuze kudaleke ama-particules amancane ahlanganise. I-gravity ikwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-solids ahlale kancane ezansi kwethankini. I-mechanism ye-rake eguquguqukayo isiza ukuhlanganisa ama-solids ahlehlile (i-"thickened" underflow), okuyinto ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Amanzi acacile aphelela kwi-weir phezulu kwethankini.
Kungani kungabalulekile:Emkhakheni onokuningi kwamanzi, ama-thickener abalulekile ekugcinweni kwamanzi nasekujoleni kabusha, ehla ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngama-80-95%. Ahlinzeka futhi ngokwehla kwesilinganiso se-tailings sathunyelwa ezikhungweni zokugcina, kwehla ubungozi bemvelo nezindleko. Ngokuphathelene ne-concentrate, ukuqinisa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuhlunga.
Yebo, ezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile nazo zidingeka kuye ngempahla ye-ore, efana nalezi:
- Izikhala ezishayayo:Kusetshenziswa ukuhlola nokuhlukanisa izinto.
- Imifantu ye-vacuum ye-belt:Kusetshenziswa ukuze kuphuculwe ukuhluza okugcwele, kukhiqiza amafutha wokuhlunga anokuqukethwe okuncane kwamanzi.
- Izithando zokupheka:Kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha ezinye izinto ezikhethekile (njengogolide ne-hematite), kushintsha isakhiwo seminerali ngokushisa ukuze kube lula ukuhluza okulandelayo.
Nokho, lezi zihlukanisi eziyisixhenxe zokusebenza ezibalwe lapha ziyizinsiza ezisemqoka ezidingekayo ezindaweni zokucubungula imithombo yemvelo yesimanje.
Le sethi seziphathimandla sisebenza njengohlelo olukhulayo, lapho imikhiqizo yethuluzi ngalinye ithuthukisa elilandelayo. Izinyathelo ezilandelanayo zokunciphisa usayizi, ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuthululeka kwamanzi kudala umjikelezo ohamba phambili. Le simo esiqondile siwumgomo wokuguqula umgudu ophumayo ube isikhumbuzo esihlanziwe, okuwenza ukujolisa kwemboni yokumbiwa phansi kube yinzuzo kwezomnotho kanye nokuphila kwemvelo emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiluleko
Thola Isisombululo