Indlela yokukhiqiza i-simendi

15 Okthoba 2021

Isiphetho:Nge-ngqangi, ukukhiqiza i-simendi kunamalungiselelo ayisikhombisa alandelayo: ukubhula nokuqondiswa kwangaphambi kokuxubana, ukulungiselela i-raw meal, ukuqondiswa kwe-raw meal, ukushisa okuqala kokuqhekeka, ukushisa kwe-clinker ye-simendi, ukugaya i-simendi nokuxhuma i-simendi.

I-simendi iyinto yokubopha engumkhakha olukhulu olukhulu. Ngemva kokungeza amanzi nokuqhuma, iyaguquka ibe yisulu, elingakwazi ukuqinisa emhlabathini noma emanzini, futhi lingakwazi ukubopha kakhulu i-sandu, amatshe namanye izinto ndawonye.

Isimendi kuyinto ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni isikhonkwane futhi isebenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezinhlangano, izimboni zemvelo, ukhuselo lwezwe kanye nezinye izinhlelo.

Izinto zokwakha isimendi

Into ebalulekileyo ekwakheni isimendi yi-lime.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha isimendi zihlanganisa i-limestone (into ebalulekileyo ehlinzeka i-Cao), izinto ezifana ne-clay (ehlinzeka i-Sio2, i-Al2O3 kanye nesilinganiso esincane se-Fe2O3), izinto zokulungisa (ukugcwalisa izinto ezithile ezinganele), izinto ezihlobene (izinto ezifana ne-mineralizers, izinto ezitshintsha uketshezi, izinto ezisiza ekugqokeni) njll.

Ngokuvamile, i-limestone yenza amaphesenti angu-80 wamalori wokwenza i-sementhi, okuyinto enkulu yokwenza i-sementhi.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-sementhi

Ngokomsebenzelo kanye nokuqeqeshwa, i-sementhi ingahlolisiswa njenge:

(1) I-sementhi ejwayelekile: i-sementhi ejwayelekile ivame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yomphakathi ejwayelekile. I-sementhi ejwayelekile ikakhulu ichaza izinhlobo ezintandathu eziyinhloko ze-sementhi ezibekwe yi-GB175-2007, okungukuthi i-Portland cement, i-ordinary Portland cement, i-slag Portland cement, i-pozzolanic Portland cement, i-fly ash Portland cement kanye ne-composite Portland cement.

(2) Isilimo esikhethekile: isilimo esinezimpawu noma imisebenzi ekhethekile, njenge-G-grade oil well cement, isilimo se-Portland esikhulu ngokushesha, isilimo se-Portland se-road, isilimo se-aluminate, isilimo se-sulphoaluminate, njll.

Yikuphi inqubo yokwenza isilimo?

Njengoba eqondwe njengomunye wempahla eyiqembu eyiqembu eyiqembu, isilimo sibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuqenqemeni kwezinhlangano, umsebenzi wasemhlabeni, ukuthutha, nezinye izimboni. Kuyadingeka yini ukucisha nokuyigaya imishini ekhiqizweni kwesilimo? Ingabe le mishini ibalulekile?

Nge-ngqangi, ukukhiqiza i-simendi kunamalungiselelo ayisikhombisa alandelayo: ukubhula nokuqondiswa kwangaphambi kokuxubana, ukulungiselela i-raw meal, ukuqondiswa kwe-raw meal, ukushisa okuqala kokuqhekeka, ukushisa kwe-clinker ye-simendi, ukugaya i-simendi nokuxhuma i-simendi.

cement manufacturing process

1. Ukucwiliswa nokuqondisa okuqala

(1)Ukucwilisa.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwamaconcreti, iningi lama-raw material kufanele licwiliswe, njenge-limestone, clay, i-iron ore ne-coal. I-limestone iyinto eyenziwa kakhulu njenge-raw material ekukhiqizweni kwamaconcreti. Ngemva kokutholwa, i-limestone inesayizi enkulu yemicu futhi inamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukucwilisa kwe-limestone kubaluleke kakhulu ekucwilisweni kwama-material ekukhiqizweni kwamaconcreti.

Ukuqondiswa kwempahla okuqala. Itekhnoloji yokusebenza okukhulu yileyo yokusebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezifundwe ngokwengqondo ukuze kuqondiswe okuqala kokulingana.

Izibonelelo zokuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kokuxuba:

1) Hlaziya ukuxuba kwezinto ezomisiwe ukuze kunciphiseni ukuphindaphinda kokulinganiselwa kokuhlaziywa ukuze kululaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-clinker engcono futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kwesixazululo sokushisa.

2) Sebenzisa impahla yeminingi ngokugcwele, kunciphisa ukusebenza kweminingi, kuqedele ukukhula kwezinto ezifunwa ngeminingi kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, noma kungabikho noma kunganciphisiwe amaqhwa ezimpahla emningi kule nqubo yokuchithwa.

3) Izidingo zokuhlaziywa kweminingi zingakhululeka, futhi izindleko zokuchithwa kweminingi zinganciphisa.

4) Ukhululo olukhulu lokufanelekela izinto ezimuncu nezomile.

5) Nika izimpahla zokwenza impahla eziqinile futhi ezinamandla esikhathini eside efekthri, futhi zingakwazi futhi ukubopha izimpahla zokwenza impahla ezihlukene ezihlanganisiwe egcekeni, okuyenza ibe yigceke lokubopha okuqala, okuqamba isimo sokukhiqiza okusezingeni futhi okukhululayo umsebenzi wezinto ezihlanganisiwe.

Izinga eliphezulu lokuzimela.

2. Ukulungiselela ukudla okungaphuhlisiwe

Ekusetshenzisweni kokwenza isamente, ukuze kwenziwe itoni eyodwa yesamente lika-Portland, kudingeka silungise okungenani izinto ezintathu zezinto ezintathu (ezifaka izinto ezahlukahlukene zokwakha, izinto ezishisayo, i-clinker, izihlanganisi, ne-gypsum). Ngokuya ngezibalo, amandla asetshenziswa yimisebenzi yokuhlafuna i-dry-process cement production line agqamile ngaphezu kwama-60% wamanani amaningi, okungukuthi, ukulungiselela ukudla okungaphuhlisiwe kwagqama ngaphezu kwama-30%, ukulungiselela i-coal kwagqama cishe ngama-3%, futhi ukulungiselela i-cement kwagqama cishe ngama-40%. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okufanele kwezinto zokuhlafuna kanye nendlela yokusebenza, ukulungiselela okufanele.

3. Ukuxuba inhlanganiso yemibala yokuqala

Ekusetshenzisweni kokwenziwa kwecementi eshintshisiwe, ukusekela ukuxhumana kwemibala yokuqala emlilweni kuyisisekelo sokusekela isimiso sezinguquko zemfuyo, futhi uhlelo lokuxuba inhlanganiso yemibala yokuqala lubamba indima yokugcina yokusekela ukuxhumana kwemibala yokuqala emlilweni.

4. Ukushisa futhi uqedele ukwahlukaniswa

Ukushisa nokwahlukaniswa okungaphelele kwemibala yokuqala kwenziwa yisikhululo sokushisa, kunokuba kube ingxenye yomsebenzi wensimbi yokugijima, ukuze kunciphwe ubude bensimbi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenzeke insimbi iqhubeke ne-

5. Ukushisa kwe-cement clinker

Ngemva kokushisa okuqala kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwemvelo yomkhiqizo kwisithuthukisi se-cyclone, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukungena egilini le-rotary ukuze kushiswe i-clinker. Egilini le-rotary, i-carbonate ihlukaniswa ngokushesha futhi kuqhubeka iqoqo lamaqhinga ezakhiweni ezimele ukudalula iziminerali ku-cement clinker. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo luphakama, iziminerali zizoguqulwa isimo esiqinile sibe isimo esiqinile futhi inani elikhulu le-clinker lizoveliswa ngokusebenzisana. Ngemva kokushiswa kwe-clinker, izinga lokushisa liqala ukwehla. Ekugcineni, isiqandisi se-cement clinker siqandisa i-clinker eshisayo.

Isikhululo sokuqhuma esijikelezayo

isipholisi

6. Ukwenza umsebenzi wokugaya i-siment

Ukwenza umsebenzi wokugaya i-siment kuyinto yokugcina ekwenzeni i-siment futhi kuyinto ethatha amandla amaningi kakhulu. Indima yayo eyinhloko ukuqhuma i-clinker ye-siment (isithuthukisi sokugcwala, izinto ezilungisa ukusebenza, njll.) kuya kuma-particle amancane afanele (okubonisiwe ngokuthambile, indawo ephelele yendawo, njll.) ukuze kubonakale ukwahlukaniswa okufanele kwe-particle, kuqiniswe indawo yayo yokugcwala, futhi kuqiniswe isivinini sokuqhuma, ukuze kube khona izidingo zokugcwala kwe-slurry ye-siment, ukuqina.