Summary: Ngokufingqa, ukukhiqizwa kwekheji kunezinyathelo ezi-7 ezilandelayo: ukugaya nokulungiselela ukukhula kwangaphambili, ukulungiselela umphako raw, ukulinganisa komphako raw, ukushisa kwangaphambili nokuhlukanisa izinto, ukushisa kweklinka yekhontshisi, ukugaya kwekhemikhali kanye nokupakisha kwekhemikhali....

I-simendi iyinto yokubopha engumkhakha olukhulu olukhulu. Ngemva kokungeza amanzi nokuqhuma, iyaguquka ibe yisulu, elingakwazi ukuqinisa emhlabathini noma emanzini, futhi lingakwazi ukubopha kakhulu i-sandu, amatshe namanye izinto ndawonye.

Imephu iwensimbi ebalulekile yokwenza ikhonkrithi futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwakha, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi, ukuvikelwa kwesizwe kanye namaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene.

Izinto ezilacyweni zokukhiqiza ikhemikhali

Intozi eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa i-cement yi-lime.

Izinto eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza ikhethi zihlanganisa ithayela le-limestone (umthombo omkhulu we-CaO), izinto eziyisiqukathi zethayela (ezihlinzeka nge-SiO₂, Al₂O₃ kanye nembala encane ye-Fe₂O₃), izinto eziyisiza zokulungisa (zokugcwalisa amathangi anganele), nezinto eziyisiza ezifana nama-mineralizers, ama-fluxes kanye nezibulali zokugaya.

Ngokuvamile, i-limestone yenza amaphesenti angu-80 wamalori wokwenza i-sementhi, okuyinto enkulu yokwenza i-sementhi.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-sementhi

Ngokomsebenzelo kanye nokuqeqeshwa, i-sementhi ingahlolisiswa njenge:

(1) I-Cement ejwayelekile: I-cement ejwayelekile esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwakha jikelele. I-cement ejwayelekile ikakhulu ibhekisela ezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-cement ezichazwe ku-GB 175-2007, okungukuthi, i-Portland cement, i-Portland cement ejwayelekile, i-slag Portland cement, i-pozzolanic Portland cement, i-fly ash Portland cement kanye ne-composite Portland cement.

(2) Isementhi ekhethekile: Isementhi enezimfanelo ezikhethekile noma izinhloso ezikhethekile ihlanganisa i-C-grade oil well cement, i-Portland cement esheshayo ukuqina, i-Portland cement yomgwaqo, i-aluminate cement kanye ne-sulphoaluminate cement.

Yikuphi inqubo yokwenza isilimo?

Njengengxenye yezinto ezivamile kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele, ikhimysthi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni amaphrojekthi, embonini yezakhamuzi, ezokuhamba, nakwamanye amabhizinisi. Enkambeni yokukhiqiza ikhimysthi, sidinga imishini yokugaya nokuphahlaza? Ingabe ziyadingeka?

Nge-ngqangi, ukukhiqiza i-simendi kunamalungiselelo ayisikhombisa alandelayo: ukubhula nokuqondiswa kwangaphambi kokuxubana, ukulungiselela i-raw meal, ukuqondiswa kwe-raw meal, ukushisa okuqala kokuqhekeka, ukushisa kwe-clinker ye-simendi, ukugaya i-simendi nokuxhuma i-simendi.

cement manufacturing process

Ukuqhekeka nokuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili

Ukuqhekeka.

Enqubo yokuukhiqiza ikheji, iningi lezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavami ukuphulwa, njengamachibi, udaka, insimbi yomgodi kanye nogwayi. I-limestone iyinto enkulu esetshenziswayo ekukhiqizeni ikheji. Ngemva kokumba, i-limestone inobukhulu obukhulu bepheshana nokumelana okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphulwa kwe-limestone kubamba indawo ebalulekile ekuqothuleni izinto zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ikheji.

Ukuqondiswa kwempahla okuqala. Itekhnoloji yokusebenza okukhulu yileyo yokusebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezifundwe ngokwengqondo ukuze kuqondiswe okuqala kokulingana.

Izibonelelo zokuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kokuxuba:

1) Yenza ukufana kokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ukukhulisa ukwehluka kwekhwalithi ukuze kube lula ukukhiqiza i-clinker esezingeni eliphezulu nokwenza kahle ukukhiqizwa kohlelo lokushisa.

2) Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zamaminerali, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokumba kwezinto, sebenzisa ngokuphelele ukwephula phansi kwezinsiza ezingaphandle nangaphakathi kobunjani, futhi wehlise noma uphelelise ukuphuma kweharmful rock ngesikhathi sokumba.

3) Imfuneko yekhwalithi yokumba ingaphansi, kanye nezindleko zokumba indawo zingancishiswa.

4) Ukuchama okuqinile ezintweni ezinamafutha nawemanzini.

5) Humbisa izinto eziyimpahla ezizinzile zesikhathi eside zefektri, futhi zingakwazi futhi ukuqoqa izinto eziyimbonakalo yezingxenye ezahlukene endaweni, kwenza kube yindawo yokugcina izinto ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, ukudala izimo zokukhiqiza ezizinzile nokuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenza kwemishini.

Izinga eliphezulu lokuzimela kwezinqubo.

Ukulungiselela ukudla okungaka

Enqubo yokukhiqiza ibhodi, ukuze sikhiqize amathani ayi-1 webhodi lePortland, sidinga ukubhula okungenani amathani amathathu wezinto ezingavuthiwe (kufaka phakathi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezahlukene, uphethiloli, amaklinker, imixube, nama-gypsum). Ngokwezinombolo, amandla adliwa umsebenzi wokubhuleka emigqeni yokukhiqiza ibhodi yenkaba eyomile ahlala engaphezu kuka-60% wamandla wonke okutshalwa kwawo kwisihlahla sonke. Phakathi kwalesi silinganiso, ukugawula kokudla okungavuthiwe kwenza u-30%, ukugawula ukhuni lwekholwa cishe u-3%, nokugawula ibhodi lecement cishe u-40%. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okungcono kwemishini yokubhuleka nomjikelezo wenqubo, ukuhlela kahle kwepharamitha yenqubo, ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe, nokulawula uhlelo lokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nasekunciphiseni amandla adliwa.

3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemifino engenamanzi

Kwiseshi ukudla komquba okomile okusha kokukhiqiza ikhemikhali, ukuvikelwa kokuhlanganiswa kokudla okusemkhakheni wesithando sempuphu okukwenza kube nomnotho wokugcina uhlelo lokushisa oluzinzile ngesikhathi sokushisa kweklinka. Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa i-raw meal lusebenza njengengxenye yokugcina ukuvimbela ukungaphumeleli kwekhwalithi yezingxenye zokudla kumquba.

4. Ukuhlukaniswa ngaphambi kokushisa okuphakeme

I-preheater iphelisa ukufudumala kwangaphambili nokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zomkhiqizo ongaphambili, ithatha indawo yomsebenzi wekilini elizungezayo. Lokhu kufupha ubude bekilini futhi kudlulisa inqubo yokushintshaniswa kokushisa phakathi komoya nomgibe ku-ecosystem yangaphakathi ye-kilini ezungezayo ibe esimweni esigobile ngaphakathi kwe-preheater. Ngale ndlela, umkhiqizo ongaphambili uhlanganiswa ngokugcwele nomoya oshisa kakhulu okhishwa kwi-kilini, okwandisa kakhulu indawo yokuxhumana komoya nomgibe, kusheshisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kwezinga lokushisa. Ekugcineni, amandla okukhiqiza wekilini ahlinzekwa kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kwe-clinker calcination kunciphile.

Ukuvuthelwa kwe-cement clinker

Ngemuva kokuthi ukudla okuphakathi kwephunga kuchithwe kusengaphambili futhi kuhlanzwa ngaphakathi kwe-cyclone preheater, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhamba kwi-Isikhululo sokuqhuma esijikelezayo ukuze kubhidlizwe i-clinker. Ku-Isikhululo sokuqhuma esijikelezayo, i-carbonate iyaqhubeka ukuhlangabezana ngokushesha futhi izenzakalo eziningi zephasethi eqinile zenzeka ukuze kukhishwe izinto zegolide kumclinker wekhonkrithi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lezinto lihamba phezulu, izingxenye zegolide zingena esikhathini esimanzi, futhi i-clinker eminingi ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa izenzo ze-chemistry. Ngemva kokuthi i-clinker ibhidlizwe, izinga lokushisa liqala ukwehla. Ekugcineni, i-cement clinker isipholisi ibanda i-clinker enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliphuma ku-Isikhululo sokuqhuma esijikelezayo ngokushisa okufanele ukuthuthwa ngemva kokuba lihleliwe, ukugcinwa nokubhidliza ikhemikhali. Ngasikhathi sinye, ibuyisa ukushisa okungokomqondo kwe-clinker enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ikhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwehlelo jikelele kanye nekhwalithi ye-clinker.

Isikhululo sokuqhuma esijikelezayo

isipholisi

6. Ukugaya kwekhemikhali

Ukwenza umsebenzi wokugaya i-siment kuyinto yokugcina ekwenzeni i-siment futhi kuyinto ethatha amandla amaningi kakhulu. Indima yayo eyinhloko ukuqhuma i-clinker ye-siment (isithuthukisi sokugcwala, izinto ezilungisa ukusebenza, njll.) kuya kuma-particle amancane afanele (okubonisiwe ngokuthambile, indawo ephelele yendawo, njll.) ukuze kubonakale ukwahlukaniswa okufanele kwe-particle, kuqiniswe indawo yayo yokugcwala, futhi kuqiniswe isivinini sokuqhuma, ukuze kube khona izidingo zokugcwala kwe-slurry ye-siment, ukuqina.

Iphakethe le-samente

Isimendi liphuma efektri ngezindlela ezimbili zokuthumela: ezibekwe emaphethini nasezikhulu.