Summary: Ubuchwepheshe obuhambisana nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezilalela ezingaphansi kwemithombo bunesisekelo sokuthi izinkampani zikhiqize inzuzo yezomnotho nezomphakathi....
Isimo samanje sokusetshenziswa kwe-tailings
1. Inani le-tailings
Ekuqhubekeni kokuwumba nokucubungula izimayini ezingezona zamalahle, kuzokhiqizwa inqwaba enkulu yamanzi angcolile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngomumo ka-2017, kunezimayini ezingama-44,998 ezingezona zamalahle eChina. Ukuze kugcinwe lawa manzi angcolile, kunezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezingama-7,793 ezixhasa wona.
Izimpahla, njengesiphakathi esinekhulu lokuveliswa nokugcinwa, zibangela izinkinga zendawo futhi zikhuluzele ingozi, zikhipha kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komnotho wemini futhi emadolobheni emininingwane.
2. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpahla
Ukuxhumana kwezimpahla kuyinto eyingqayizivele futhi kungahlelwa ngokwezinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo ngokwesakhiwo sazo esikhulu:
I-Tailings ikakhulu ihlanganiswe nequartz, njengensimbi yemayini kanye negolide.
2) I-tailings ikakhulu iqukethe i-feldspar ne-quartz, njengengxenye ye-potassium feldspar quartz vein yegolide we-molybdenum ore.
3) Ama-tailings ahlotshwe ikakhulukazi ama-carbonates. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimayini okujwayelekile kusekucalcite, wall limestone, dolomite, njalo njalo, kanye ne-clay.
4) Izimbobo zikhulu kakhulu ngokuyinhloko ngama-silicates.
Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sezinto eziningi zezinto zezinto eziningi yi-kaolin, i-bauxite, i-wollastonite, i-diopside, i-epidote, i-garnet, i-chlorite, i-nepheline, i-zeolite, i-mica, i-olivine kanye ne-hornblende.
5) Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbobo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezine zomquba ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinye izinsalela ziphinde ziqukethe izinto ezifana ne-fluorite, i-barite, ne-gypsum.
3. Izindleko zezithako ezixhonywe
Isikhululo sezinto ezisebenzayo
Emasimini okuqala, ngenxa yokuthi imikhondo yokuvuna izinto ezisebenzayo yayingelona lokho okwakungcono kanye nokwazi okuncane mayelana nokusetshenziswa okubanzi, inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenzayo ezinomvuzo zazishiywa ezithakeni.
Ukuthatha umhlaba
Iziqephu zezithako ezixhonywe zithatha inani elikhulu lomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaba imigodi kuye kwenza imigodi eningi kanye nemimoya ewa, okwenza indawo enkulu yomhlaba ilukhuni.
Izinhlekelele zezinhlelo zengingqi
Ukuqoqwa kwezithako ezixhonywe ezininzi kungasiza kalula ekusungulweni kwezinye izinhlekelele, okusongela kakhulu
Ukukhukhulelwa kwendawo yemvelo
I-tailings yemaKhaya ilimaze kakhulu impilo yendawo ezungezile njengezwekazi, izitshalo, umoya kanye nomthombo wamanzi, njll. Uthuli olukhulu olukhukhumela endaweni yemifino kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile, izitshalo ziqale ukudliwa, umhlabathi uqale ukuba nsuku, amanzi abe ne-acidity, futhi kuhambisana nokuphunga okubi, impilo yendawo ilimazekile kakhulu.
Izithembiso zokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-tailings
1. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-tailings
Ukucaciswa kabusha ngemva kokutholwa
Ngenxa yomkhuba wokuhlakanipha oweminyaka yamuva, kanye nesilinganiso esincane salo,
Ukwenza izinto zokwakha
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yokwakha, imithombo yelisha lezemvelo ezindaweni eziningi, iyancipha kancane kancane. Ukuze kuhlangane izidingo zokunikezwa kwelicha lokwakha nezinye izinto ezifana negravel, izinkampani eziningi zokwakha zqale ukuthenga izinye izinto ezivela ezimbonini ezizungezile, ezifana ne-tailings, njengezinto zokwakha futhi zisebenzise izindlela ezimiselwe ukwenza ama-aggregates ela lisha ne-gravel.
Ezinkampani zezombani ngokuyisisekelo zisezimweni sokuthenga okungaphelele nokunikela okungaphelele ekuthengiseni la maphesenti okungekho emthethweni, angathola izibonelelo zezomnotho kanye nokukhulula amandla wokugcina amanzi emachibini emaphesenti. Ezinkampani zezinto zokwakha nazo zingathola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu, kuholela ekukholweni kokunqoba kokubili.
Ukugcwalisa phansi kwe-tailings
Ukugcwalisa phansi kwe-tailings ngumsebenzi wokwengeza isimendi nezinto ezinye zokugcwalisa ezifihla i-tailings ukuze kube lula ukuthi ziqoqwe futhi zibe nemiqondo ephakeme. Khona-ke, i-tailings ithunyelwa esiqongweni somgodi (goaf) komgodi ngesiteshi sokugcwalisa. Ezinye izihlahla zokudoba zingase zisebenzise kusuka ku-1/2 kuya ku-2/3 we-tailings ngale ndlela.
Ukwenza izidakamizwa
Ngokuqongelela izinto ezahlukene ezitshabalalisa umzimba ezivela kwi-tailings futhi uzihlanganise ngendlela efanele, kungenziwa izidakamizwa ezifanelekayo ezokuhweba ezahlukene zemihla, noma ezinye izimila ezithengiswa ngemali. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo akuyona ...
Ukubuyiselwa kwempahla ye-tailings
Ukubuyiselwa kwempahla ye-tailings kungukufaka isikhala phezu kwendawo yebhechi kanye nendawo emikhulu ye-tailings pond ngemva kokuba i-pond isivaliwe, bese kuthwala imihlambi noma imihlambi yemali ukuze kuvikelwe impahla ye-tailings ekubola yimoya nezulu ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukungcolisa indalo ezungezile.
3. Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwempahla ye-tailings
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-tailings pond akukwazi kuphela ukuguqula izinto ezilimazayo zibe izinto eziyigugu, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka komnotho okubangelwa yimisebenzi yokwakha i-tailings pond yokugcina kusukela emthonjeni, kodwa futhi ukukhulula ngokuphelele izithiyo zokuphepha okubangelwa yimpahla ye
4. Imikhawulo yokwenza isihlahla kusuka ezitayilini
Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe
Ngempela, umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zomgodi kulinganiselwe, futhi leli candelo awuzange ulungiswe ngokusebenza isikhathi eside.
Izimayini ezincane eziningi zinzima ukuphatha
Ezinye izimayini ezincane ezidonswa yinzuzo, zisebenzisa izindlela zokumba nokwenza izinto zokuwina zedinga ukuguga, ziholeleka ekuphumeni kwezinsiza nokumba okungahleliwe, futhi ziphinde zihlele futhi ziphumele izinsalela zomquba ngendlela engenamthetho. Kunzima futhi kuyabiza ukuphatha kahle lezi mabhizinisi amancane okumba akhanyayo futhi ahlukanisiwe ngokuphelele.
Ukungabikho kwesinqumo esemthethweni
Kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kumaphothi, futhi okwamanje akekho uhlelo lokwelapha olujwayelekile noma inqubo. Lezi zinqubo nokuhlelwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza usawoti lwe-tailings kumele kuhlaziywe ngokusekelwe ezifakazweni ezifana nohlobo lwe-tailings, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezinzilizi, izici zosayizi lwezinqwaba, njll.
Ukuhamba kokusebenza kwe-tailings sand
Kuya ngokuya ngezici ezifana nokwakheka kwamaminerali, izakhiwo zamatshe, nezici zosayizi bamathambo, hlela ngokuguquguqukayo izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-tailings sand, ukukhiqiza iziqeshana ezinkulu nezihlabene ezenziwa ngemishini, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izigaba zokuwahlaba, ukuhlunga, ukwakha nokuhlukanisa njll.
Inqubo yemvelo neyokuhlakanipha yokukhiqiza utshani kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esilula nesifushane, usayizi omuhle wamaqoqo omkhiqizo, ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu, inani lokuwongwa okuphansi, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamagciwane amatshwayo namasaqha. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-tailings singafinyelela ku-85%, futhi isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemithombo siyathuthuka kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa okuqinile: Ngokwamagama ezidingo zokulinganisa zezindawo zokunakekela, emva kokugedla, ukuhlunga, ukumisa nokuhlunga, itshe elilahlekile liyaguqulwa libe izindawo zokwakha eziqinile ezilinganiselwa ema-5-10mm, 10-20mm, kanye nama-20-31.5mm.
Machine-made sand: The -5mm material produced by the coarse aggregate production system is used to produce 0.3 ~ 4mm fine sand and 4 ~ 5mm coarse sand after screening → sand washing → magnetic separation.
Ukudla: isiphakelisi esijikijayo.
(2) Ukuzwa okukhulu: umshini wokugqobhoza onobuso obunobungakanani bokufaka obungu-150-500mm kanye nobungakanani bokukhishwa obungu-400-125mm.
(3) Ukuchithwa okuphakathi: i-cone crusher noma i-impact crusher enobukhulu bokudla obungu-400-125mm kanye nobukhulu bokuphuma obungu-100-50mm. I-cone crusher ifanele ukuchithwa kwezinto ezingezansi noma eziphezulu ubunzima obuphakathi naphakathi, kuyilapho i-impact crusher ifanele ukuchithwa kwezinto ezingaphansi kobunzima obuphakathi.
(4) Ukucwiliswa okukhulu: isiqeshana sokubopha i-cone kanye ne-vertical shaft impact crusher, ngokungena okukhulu kwama-100-50mm kanye nokulungiswa okukhulu kwama-32-5mm.
(5) Ukuhlunga nokuhlanganisa uthuli: isihlungi esithambile + umhluphi wothuli ongaphakathi ngendlela emanzi.
(6) Ukubumba: umshini wokubumba (Emva kokuhlola izinto ezicwecwe kahle, lezo zinhlayiya ezifanele zithunyelwa ebhodini lokugcina ngemfoloko yokuhambisa. Impahla ebuyayo engaqinisekisiwe ngobukhulu benhlaka nesimo sesimbi ibuyiselwa kumshini wokubumba ukuze iphinde icutshungulwe futhi ibumbwe kabusha ngomkhumbi wokuhambisa.)
(7) Ukwahlukanisa nokuqoqa umonakalo: isikrini esijikelezayo + isiqeqeshi somonakalo oluomile.
(8) Ukudlulisa impahla: isikhululo sebhulukhwe.
(9) Ukuhlukana: umfutho omkhulu uhlukaniselwa ngesikhwama esijikelezayo, futhi umfutho omncane utholakala ngomshini wokugeza umfutho, umshini wokuthola kabusha umfutho omncane.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa isihlabathi esenziwe ngezitshalo
Ukusebenza nokukhanyiswa kokuhlolwa kwekhonkrithi lesihlabathi se-tailings
1. Uhlaza lwe-tailings sand luyabhidliza futhi lunendawo enkulu engenamanzi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwekhrongi, inani elithile lezinto ezixubene zamaminerali okufanele zengezwe ekubunjweni kwekhrongi le-tailings sand, njenge-Class II noma ephakeme kakhulu yoFuy-Ash, uphako lwe-Slag, njll.
2. Ukugcina amanzi kwekhonkrithi lesihlabathi se-tailings akaphezulu, futhi amanzi lula ukwehla nokuphuma, ngakho-ke ukukhwabanisa kufanele kube mkhulu, futhi ukukhwabanisa okungaphezu kokudelelekile akuvunyelwe. Qaphela kakhulu
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa umlotha wemgodla
Uma ukhuluma ngokwakha okhulu olukhulu oludinga ukusatshalaliswa okude, uma kuqatshelwa ukwehla kokukhula kwesikhathi, umlinganiselo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-sand evela kwi-tailings kufanele ungadluli ku-40%. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwehla kokukhula kwesikhathi kuzobe kuyingozi futhi kuzongeza izinkinga ekuhlanganiseni lokusebenza.
Lapho uqeqeshwa isikonkrethi esikwimehlelo lezobuchwepheshe ngomsila womsila, umkhiqizo othile wamalungiselelo emifino ephucwe (njenge- slag powder, i-fly ash ye-grade II, njll.) kufanele uqhutshwe ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yemicimbi yomsila womsila emsebenzini wokusebenza kwesikondrethi.
3. I-tailings sand uhlobo lwekhulu lwezinkuni ezenziwe ngemishini, oluvame ukuba nezinga elithile lepo leziqanda. Ilaphi elincane lep esto kungaba nomthelela we-micro-aggregate, okuzuzisa i-concrete. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lepo leziqanda liphezulu kakhulu, isidingo zamanzi kumxube we-concrete webhizinisi ongenawo ukugeleza okukhulu siphakeme kakhulu, okusho ukuthi akugcini nje ngokwanda kwamafutha ekusetshenzisweni kwekhemikhali, kwandisa izindleko, kodwa futhi kwandisa ukuncipha kwe-concrete nokonakalisa ukusebenza kwayo jikelele. Ngokujwayelekile, izinga lepo leziqanda lingaphansi kuka-5% (ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeClass II sand).
5. Thola imiyalelo
Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yembobo buyisisekelo sabo bonke amabhizinisi ukuze akhiqize inzuzo yezomnotho nenhlalo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yembobo kufanele kusebenzise inhlanganisela yezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwalokho ukukhiqiza umquba nogwadle, ama-aggregates ekhonkrithi, njll. anezinzuzo eziphezulu zezomnotho futhi angadla inqwaba yemfucuza, kuwindlela ebalulekile yokubuyisela nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yembobo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yembobo kuyisistimu ehlotshisiwe futhi enkulu eqondene nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinsiza zamaminerali, ivikele imvelo yezemvelo, futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwamabhizinisi okugaya uwoyela.
Ngenxa yesimo samanje lapho izimpahla zezinto ezisebenzayo zitholakala kancane kancane, ukucwaninga ngezindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa izimpahla zezinto ezisebenzayo ngokubanzi kuyindlela entsha yokwakha imigodi eqeqeshwe kahle nemigodi yezokhulelwa, ukufinyelela ekuvikelweni kwezinto eziyimpahla nokuzisebenzisa ngokubanzi. Uma ufuna ukwazi mayelana nokulungiselela amakhonkoni esihlabathi nesihlabathi evela e-tailings, uxhumane nathi. Abayeni be-I-SBM Group bazokwakha izimiso ze-tailings sand process eziqondene nawe.
Isiqinisekiso: Izinto ezithile nezinto ezikulolu lwimi zikhuluphulu e-intanethi, kuphela ngenxa yemfundo nokuxhumana;
Thola Isisombululo
Thumela Umyalezo