Isiphetho:Isisombululo esihle sokusetshenziswa kwempahla evela e-tailings kuyinto ebalulekileyo yokuthi izinkampani zikhiqize izinzuzo zemali nezomphakathi.

Isimo samanje sokusetshenziswa kwe-tailings

1. Inani le-tailings

Ekusebenzeni nasekugqanyisweni kwezindawo zokubhujiswa kwezinto ezingesona sikwe-coal, inani elikhulu le-tailings lizoqanjwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ekupheleni kuka-2017, kwakukhona izindawo zokubhujiswa kwezinto ezingesona sikwe-coal ezingama-44,998 e-China. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe,

Izimpahla, njengesiphakathi esinekhulu lokuveliswa nokugcinwa, zibangela izinkinga zendawo futhi zikhuluzele ingozi, zikhipha kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komnotho wemini futhi emadolobheni emininingwane.

tailings

2. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpahla

Ukuxhumana kwezimpahla kuyinto eyingqayizivele futhi kungahlelwa ngokwezinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo ngokwesakhiwo sazo esikhulu:

1)Izimpahla eziqukethe ikakhulukazi i-quartz, njenge-iron ore ne-gold ore;

2)Izimpahla eziqukethe ikakhulukazi i-feldspar ne-quartz, njenge-potassium feldspar quartz vein molybdenum ore;

3) Izimbobo zikhulu kakhulu ngokuyinhloko ngama-carbonates. Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sezinto eziningi zezinto zezinto eziningi yi-calcite, i-limestone, i-dolomite, njll., kanye ne-clay.

4) Izimbobo zikhulu kakhulu ngokuyinhloko ngama-silicates.

Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sezinto eziningi zezinto zezinto eziningi yi-kaolin, i-bauxite, i-wollastonite, i-diopside, i-epidote, i-garnet, i-chlorite, i-nepheline, i-zeolite, i-mica, i-olivine kanye ne-hornblende.

5) Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbobo.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezine zezimbobo ezikhulunywe ngaphambili, ezinye izimbobo nazo zinezinto eziningi ezifana ne-fluorite, i-barite, ne-gypsum.

3. Izindleko zezithako ezixhonywe

Isikhululo sezinto ezisebenzayo

Emasimini okuqala, ngenxa yokuthi imikhondo yokuvuna izinto ezisebenzayo yayingelona lokho okwakungcono kanye nokwazi okuncane mayelana nokusetshenziswa okubanzi, inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenzayo ezinomvuzo zazishiywa ezithakeni.

Ukuthatha umhlaba

Iziqephu zezithako ezixhonywe zithatha inani elikhulu lomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaba imigodi kuye kwenza imigodi eningi kanye nemimoya ewa, okwenza indawo enkulu yomhlaba ilukhuni.

The stock of tailings piles occupies a large amount of land

Izinhlekelele zezinhlelo zengingqi

Ukuqoqwa kwezithako ezixhonywe ezininzi kungasiza kalula ekusungulweni kwezinye izinhlekelele, okusongela kakhulu

The accumulation of large amounts of tailings can easily trigger secondary disasters

Ukukhukhulelwa kwendawo yemvelo

I-tailings yemaKhaya ilimaze kakhulu impilo yendawo ezungezile njengezwekazi, izitshalo, umoya kanye nomthombo wamanzi, njll. Uthuli olukhulu olukhukhumela endaweni yemifino kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile, izitshalo ziqale ukudliwa, umhlabathi uqale ukuba nsuku, amanzi abe ne-acidity, futhi kuhambisana nokuphunga okubi, impilo yendawo ilimazekile kakhulu.

Izithembiso zokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-tailings

1. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-tailings

Ukucaciswa kabusha ngemva kokutholwa

Ngenxa yomkhuba wokuhlakanipha oweminyaka yamuva, kanye nesilinganiso esincane salo,

Ukwenza izinto zokwakha

Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yokwakha, imithombo yelisha lezemvelo ezindaweni eziningi, iyancipha kancane kancane. Ukuze kuhlangane izidingo zokunikezwa kwelicha lokwakha nezinye izinto ezifana negravel, izinkampani eziningi zokwakha zqale ukuthenga izinye izinto ezivela ezimbonini ezizungezile, ezifana ne-tailings, njengezinto zokwakha futhi zisebenzise izindlela ezimiselwe ukwenza ama-aggregates ela lisha ne-gravel.

Izimboni ezithola izinto ezinje ze-tailings zivame ukuba yi-half-buy and half-give yokuthengisa lezi zinto, okuyinto engasiza hhayi kuphela ngemali, kodwa futhi ikuvulele indlela yokuthi i-tailings pond yazo ingakwazi ukuhlala ihlelekile.

Ukugcwalisa phansi kwe-tailings

Ukugcwalisa phansi kwe-tailings ngumsebenzi wokwengeza isimendi nezinto ezinye zokugcwalisa ezifihla i-tailings ukuze kube lula ukuthi ziqoqwe futhi zibe nemiqondo ephakeme. Khona-ke, i-tailings ithunyelwa esiqongweni somgodi (goaf) komgodi ngesiteshi sokugcwalisa. Ezinye izihlahla zokudoba zingase zisebenzise kusuka ku-1/2 kuya ku-2/3 we-tailings ngale ndlela.

Ukwenza izidakamizwa

Ngokuqongelela izinto ezahlukene ezitshabalalisa umzimba ezivela kwi-tailings futhi uzihlanganise ngendlela efanele, kungenziwa izidakamizwa ezifanelekayo ezokuhweba ezahlukene zemihla, noma ezinye izimila ezithengiswa ngemali. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo akuyona ...

Ukubuyiselwa kwempahla ye-tailings

Ukubuyiselwa kwempahla ye-tailings kungukufaka isikhala phezu kwendawo yebhechi kanye nendawo emikhulu ye-tailings pond ngemva kokuba i-pond isivaliwe, bese kuthwala imihlambi noma imihlambi yemali ukuze kuvikelwe impahla ye-tailings ekubola yimoya nezulu ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukungcolisa indalo ezungezile.

3. Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwempahla ye-tailings

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-tailings pond akukwazi kuphela ukuguqula izinto ezilimazayo zibe izinto eziyigugu, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka komnotho okubangelwa yimisebenzi yokwakha i-tailings pond yokugcina kusukela emthonjeni, kodwa futhi ukukhulula ngokuphelele izithiyo zokuphepha okubangelwa yimpahla ye

4. Imikhawulo yokwenza isihlahla kusuka ezitayilini

Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe

Ngempela, umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zomgodi kulinganiselwe, futhi leli candelo awuzange ulungiswe ngokusebenza isikhathi eside.

Imigodi encane, enzima ukuyilawula

Imigodi encane, eziholelwa izinzuzo, zisebenzisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa nezokusebenza zasendulo, zokucubungula futhi zokukhulula ngaphandle kwemingcele, futhi zifutha izitsha zamathaleni ngaphandle kwemikhondo. Kuyingozi futhi kuyabiza ukulawula ngokugcwele le migodi encane ehlukene kakhulu.

Ukungabikho kwesinqumo esemthethweni

Kunezinhlobo eziningi nezinto eziningi eziyingozi ze-tailings, futhi ngeke kube khona isimiso sokwelapha esemthethweni nanamuhla. Indlela kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto zokukhiqiza i-tailings sand kufanele kuqondiswe ngokuhlola izinto ezifana nombhalo we-tailings, ukubunjwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, izici ezithile ezinkulu, njll.

Ukuhamba kokusebenza kwe-tailings sand

Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nokubunjwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, izici zomhlabathi, kanye nezici ezinkulu ze-tailings, qondisa ngokukhululekile indlela yokusebenza yokukhiqiza i-tailings sand, ukukhiqiza izakhi ezinkulu nezinto eziningi ezikhulu.

Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza umshini wokwakha oqeqeshwe kahle kanye nokuhlelwe kahle kufanele ube nomkhiqizo olukhulu olungalula futhi olungamanzi, izinga elihle lempumlo yemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe, ukwahlukaniswa okuhle, isikhawu sokuqhekeka esincane, kanye nentuthuko yemicu nemikhiqizo ephansi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwempahla ehluphekile lingafinyelela ku-85%, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwempahla lijwayelekile kakhulu.

Process Flow Of Tailings Sand Making

I-aggregate enkulu: Ngokomgomo wokwahlukaniswa kwe-aggregate, ngemuva kokwephula, ukwahlukanisa, ukunikeza isimo kanye nokuhlukanisa, amaqhwa angcolile abizwa ngama-aggregate enkulu we-5-10mm, 10-20mm, kanye ne-20-31.5mm.

Imiyekezo ye-sand eyenziwe yimishini: Izinto ezinge-5 mm ezavelwe kumshini wokwenza impahla emakhulu zisetshenziswa ukwenza i-sand emncane eyi-0.3 ~ 4 mm kanye ne-sand enkulu eyi-4 ~ 5 mm ngemva kokuhlolwa → ukwengeza amanzi → ukwahlukaniswa kwemishado.

Ukudla: isiphakelisi esijikijayo.

(2) Ukuqothulwa okukhulu: uqothuli olukhulu olune-feeding size engu-150-500mm kanye ne-discharge size engu-400-125mm.

(3) Ukuqothulwa okulingana: uqothuli olukhulu noma uqothuli oluthintayo olune-feeding size engu-400-125mm kanye ne-discharge size engu-100-50mm. Uqothuli olukhulu lufanele ukusetshenziswa ekuqothuleni izinto ezisele emva kokuhlola ezinempahla eyi-medium kuya phezulu kanti uqothuli oluthintayo lufanele ukusetshenziswa ekuqothuleni izinto ezingephansi kwe-medium hardness.

(4) Ukucwiliswa okukhulu: isiqeshana sokubopha i-cone kanye ne-vertical shaft impact crusher, ngokungena okukhulu kwama-100-50mm kanye nokulungiswa okukhulu kwama-32-5mm.

(5) Ukukhangela nokuqoqa uthuli: isikrini esigijimayo + isikhungakhuni sokuqoqa uthuli ngendlela yomile.

(6) Ukukhanyisa: isiqhwithi sokukhanyisa (Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwempahla ephukile emncane, izinhlayiya ezifanele zithunyelwa esikhwama sesikhokelo ngesikhululo sebhulukhwe. Impahla ebuyayo engasondile izidingo zokulinganisa nokulinganisa kwezinhlayiya ibuyiselwa esiqhwini sokukhanyisa ukuze kulungiswe futhi kukhanyiswe futhi ngesikhululo sebhulukhwe.).

(7) Ukwahlukanisa nokuqoqa umonakalo: isikrini esijikelezayo + isiqeqeshi somonakalo oluomile.

(8) Ukudlulisa impahla: isikhululo sebhulukhwe.

(9) Ukuhlukana: umfutho omkhulu uhlukaniselwa ngesikhwama esijikelezayo, futhi umfutho omncane utholakala ngomshini wokugeza umfutho, umshini wokuthola kabusha umfutho omncane.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa isihlabathi esenziwe ngezitshalo

Ukusebenza nokukhanyiswa kokuhlolwa kwekhonkrithi lesihlabathi se-tailings

1. Indawo yokudelela lesihlabathi se-tailings iyimvundlwana futhi inezikhala ezinkulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwekhonkrithi, kufanele kususwe imikhiqizo ethile yeziminerali esihlabathi se-tailings concrete, njenge-fly ash ye-Class II noma ngaphezulu, isikhumba se-slag njll.

2. Ukugcina amanzi kwekhonkrithi lesihlabathi se-tailings akaphezulu, futhi amanzi lula ukwehla nokuphuma, ngakho-ke ukukhwabanisa kufanele kube mkhulu, futhi ukukhwabanisa okungaphezu kokudelelekile akuvunyelwe. Qaphela kakhulu

Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa umlotha wemgodla

Uma ukhuluma ngokwakha okhulu olukhulu oludinga ukusatshalaliswa okude, uma kuqatshelwa ukwehla kokukhula kwesikhathi, umlinganiselo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-sand evela kwi-tailings kufanele ungadluli ku-40%. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwehla kokukhula kwesikhathi kuzobe kuyingozi futhi kuzongeza izinkinga ekuhlanganiseni lokusebenza.

Lapho uqeqeshwa isikonkrethi esikwimehlelo lezobuchwepheshe ngomsila womsila, umkhiqizo othile wamalungiselelo emifino ephucwe (njenge- slag powder, i-fly ash ye-grade II, njll.) kufanele uqhutshwe ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yemicimbi yomsila womsila emsebenzini wokusebenza kwesikondrethi.

3. I-sande elandelayo yisinhloko esenziwe ngemishini, okuvamise ukuba ne-isigxina esithile se-iphakathi. Isiqeshana esincane se-iphakathi singasebenza njenge-aggregate encinane, okungcono kakhulu kwi-concreti. Nokho, uma izinga le-iphakathi liphezulu kakhulu, izidingo zempahla yamanzi ezimakhise kwemihlangano ye-concreti e-ekhwaliti eyodwa zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, okungaphezulu kwempahla yensimbi esetshenziswayo, kwandisa izindleko, futhi kunciphisa ukwehla kwe-concreti futhi kwenze umsebenzi wayo ube mubi. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-iphakathi alimeleli kunama-5% (okuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-).

5. Thola imiyalelo

Iteknoloji yokusetshenziswa okuhle kwe-tailings isizinda sezinkampani zokuthola inzuzo yomnotho neyezombusazwe. Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwe-tailings kufanele kulandelwe ukuxhumanisa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene, okuqukethe ukwakhiwa kwezitsha nezigalaga, izinkomba zekhonkrithi, njll. okuyizinga eliphezulu lenzuzo yomnotho futhi kungasetshenziswa imali eningi ye-tailings, kungukuqondisa okuqakathekile kokusetshenziswa okukhulu nokwakheka kwe-tailings. Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwe-tailings kuyinkomba yokuhlola esemqoka futhi enkulu.

Ngenxa yesimo samanje lapho izimpahla zezinto ezisebenzayo zitholakala kancane kancane, ukucwaninga ngezindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa izimpahla zezinto ezisebenzayo ngokubanzi kuyindlela entsha yokwakha imigodi eqeqeshwe kahle nemigodi yezokhulelwa, ukufinyelela ekuvikelweni kwezinto eziyimpahla nokuzisebenzisa ngokubanzi. Uma ufuna ukwazi mayelana nokulungiselela amakhonkoni esihlabathi nesihlabathi evela e-tailings, uxhumane nathi. Abayeni be-SBM Group bazokwakha izimiso ze-tailings sand process eziqondene nawe.

Isiqinisekiso: Izinto ezithile nezinto ezikulolu lwimi zikhuluphulu e-intanethi, kuphela ngenxa yemfundo nokuxhumana;