Inqubo Yokuhlunga Nokucwecwana Kwesihlabathi Esijwayelekile seQuartz

Summary: Le ndlela ichaza zonke iinkqubo zokuhlambulula nokwenza iquartz sand, ukusuka ekuphukweni ukuya kwindawo yokwelapha ngemichiza, efanelana nezigaba ezahlukahlukene kusuka ekwakheni ukuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezixhobo zikagesi....

Iqhwa le-quartz, elisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokwenziwa kwengilazi, ifektri, i-photovoltaics, kanye ne-electronics, lidinga amazinga aphezulu okupholisa ukuze lihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zezimboni. Inhloso eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kweqhwa le-quartz ukuhoxisa izinto ezingcolile (ukhanyiso, i-aluminium, i-mica, ukumaketha, njll.) futhi ifinyelele ekuhlanzeni okulinganisiwe, ekugcineni ikhiqize iqhwa le-quartz eliphezulu elihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yezimboni.

Ngenkathi le nqubo kumele ilinganiswe nezici ze-ore elingalungile (njengemikhono yephutha nekhono lokusakaza amamodi), izigaba eziyisisekelo zisebenza emhlabeni wonke. Le ndatshana ichaza izindlela ezijwayelekile. ukucwengelela kanye nenqubo yokuhlanzwa kwe-quartz sandkuhlanganisa izigaba eziyinhloko, ukukhethwa kwemishini, amapharamitha abalulekile, nezimo zokusetshenziswa.

Standardized Quartz Sand Beneficiation Process Flow (Raw Ore → Finished Concentrate)

1. Ukulungiswa: Ukuphuka Nokuhlunga (Ukunqanda Usayizi Weparticle, Ukukhipha Iphutha Elikhulu)

Inhloso Eyisisekelo: Ukucindezela i-ore elingenalutho kube usayizi wama-particle ofanelekayo ukudlula futhi ukuhlukanisa i-gravel enkulu kanye nezinsalela zomhlaba ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvinjwa emishini elandelayo.

Izinyathelo Zenkampani:

• 1. I-ore elingakandi (itswele le-quartz, i-quartz sand ore) ifakwa kusigubhu se-ore elingakandi ngumnikazi/umfeed ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudla okuhlala njalo;
• 2. Ukuphahlazeka okuyinhloko: Sebenzisa a Isithuthuthu sokuqhekeza izinto. to reduce ore size to 50–100 mm to meet the requirements of subsequent finer crushing.
• 3. Ukuhlola Nokuhlukanisa: The coarse crushed material passes through a circular vibrating screen (mesh size 10–20 mm). Oversized material is returned for further crushing, while qualified material proceeds to fine crushing.
• 4. Ukuphuca Okuphakathi (Okuhle) Sebenzisa a i-cone crusher or impact crusher to reduce particle size to 5–10 mm, the final crushed product before grinding.
• 5. Umjikelezo Ophothuliwe: Umkhiqizo ophukile kahle ubuyiselwa kwi-sikrini eshaya njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe usayizi ofanayo wezinhlayiya futhi kugwenywe ukuhlinzwa ngokweqile (okwandisa inselelo yokuhlanzeka elandelayo).

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko: Crushed product size controlled at 5–10 mm; screening efficiency ≥ 90%.

2. Ukugaya Nokuhlukanisa (Ukwenza Usayizi Wamakhemikhali Ube Ncono, Ukukhulula Izinto Ezingenakufaneleka)

Inhloso Eyisisekelo: Ukuqeda amaqanda e-quartz ukuze athole ubukhulu obufanele (isb. -20 mesh, -100 mesh), ukhulula ngokuphelele i-quartz ezimpungushe ezingeni (isb. i-iron oxides, mica), ubeka isisekelo sokuhlanzwa okulandelayo.

Izinyathelo Zenkampani:

• (1) Impahla eyayiphulwe kahle ithunyelwa ebhini ye-ore eyenziwe kahle futhi ifakwa ngokulinganayo kwi-Wet Isithuthuthu Sezintambo noma i-Ibhaki Yebhola (ama-rod mills akhethwa ku-quartz sand ukuze kuncishiswe uku-Over-grinding nokungcoliswa kwegolide).
• (2) Umkhiqizo wendawo ungene kwiSisetshenziswa Sokuhlukanisa (umhlanga ophukile, i-hydrocyclone, noma i-spiral classifier) ukuze uhlukanise amakhaza nemin قطر.
• (3) Umjikelezo Wokuphuma Ovulekile: Ukuphuma okuphansi (ama-partiki amakhulu) kusuka kumklami kubuyiselwa emshinini wokuphinda kugqokwe; uku overflow (usayizi we-partiki ofanelekile) kuya ekuhlanzeni.

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko:

• Ukucwecwa kokuphakama: Kulungisiwe ngokwezidingo zezimboni. I-ordinary glass sand idinga ukuthi ngaphezulu kuka-80% idlule emashini angama-100; i-PV/electronic-grade sand idinga ukuthi ngaphezulu kuka-90% idlule emashini angama-200.
• Ubukhulu beSlurry: Controlled at 60%–70% during grinding and 30%–40% during classification.

3. Izigaba Zokuhlanzwa Kwezinto eziyisisekelo (Ukukhipha Ukungcoliseka, Ukuthuthukiswa KwePhetho)

Ubumpu obukhulu ukuqhamuka kumphunga we-quartz yi-iron (Fe₂O₃), aluminum (Al₂O₃), mica, kanye ne-clay, kudinga inqubo ehlelekile "yomzimba + yemichas" .

(1) Ukucwenga nokususwa umhlabathi (Ukususa iClay, Okokumbo lwe-Argillaceous)

• Function: Ukukhuthazwa kwemishini + ukuwashwa kwe-hydraulic ukususa amafilimu e-clay kanye ne-fine slime surfaces ze-quartz particle (i-slime ingabamba izinto eziphazamisa, kuthinta ukukhipha irobhothi okulandelayo).
• Izinto : I-Durm Scrubber, i-Spiral Scrubber (ukuhlanjwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili kusebenziseka kakhulu).
• Izimpawu Eziyinhloko: Scrubbing time 15–30 min; slurry density 25%–35%; high-pressure water pressure 0.3–0.5 MPa.

(2) Ukuhlukanisa Nokuhlanza (Ukuhlukanisa Imfucumfucu Ephansi)

• Function: Beka uhlu lwe-slurry ehlanzekile ukuze ususe ama-slime anhlobonhlobo aphansi kwe-200 mesh (agcwele izinto ezingezona ez鐦hamba ne-aluminium).
• Izinto : I-hydrocyclone, i-thickener ye-plate efinyelwe.
• Operation: I-sikhalazo se-cyclone (i-slime) iyaphuma; i-underflow (izinsalela zepulasitiki ezinzima) iqhubekela ekususweni kwensimbi.

(3) Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamagatsha Ngephepha Lokukhipha U Iron (Ukukhipha Izinto Ezimqoka Ezibumbene)

• Function: Isinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokukhipha insimbi emagnetikhi (isb. i-magnetite) kanye nensimbi enomagnetism ophansi (isb. i-hematite, i-limonite).
• Uhlanganyelo LweZinsiza: Low-Intensity Magnetic Separator (ukhipha insimbi engafaneleki, i-magnetite) + High-Intensity Magnetic Separator (ukhipha insimbi enomoya ophansi, ama-oxide ensimbi-titanium).
• Izimpawu Eziyinhloko: High-intensity magnetic field strength 10,000–15,000 Gauss; slurry flow velocity 0.5–1.0 m/s to ensure full adsorption of magnetic impurities.

(4) Ukukhanga (Ukukhuhla Izinto Ezingenamagnethi EzinjengamaMica, amaFeldspar)

• Application: Required for high-purity quartz sand (e.g., Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.02%) to separate feldspar and mica (similar density to quartz, not removable by magnetic separation).
• Principle: Under acidic conditions (pH 2–3), with flotation reagents (e.g., amine collectors, sodium fluorosilicate depressant), feldspar and mica attach to air bubbles and float, while quartz remains in the slurry.
• Izinto : Umshini Wokuhlanza Ngemishini Yokuphakela, Umshini Wokuphakela Ongenisiwe (ukuphakela okwenyukayo ukuze kuhlanzwe kahle zonke izinto ezingafunwa).

(5) Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali (Kubaleleka ku-PV/Isikhala sesikhumba esisemqoka)

• Application: When ordinary processes cannot meet high-purity requirements (e.g., Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.005%).
• Izinketho Zokusebenza:
  • Ukuxubha Nge-Asidi: Gxila i-slurry emanzini e-asidi ahlanganisiwe (i-hydrochloric, i-sulfuric, i-hydrofluoric) ukuze udishe insalela yensimbi ne-aluminium oxides.
  • Roasting-Acid Leaching: First roast quartz sand at 600–800°C to convert refractory iron impurities into soluble forms, then remove them via acid leaching.
• Isinyathelo Esibalulekile: After acid leaching, wash with purified water to neutrality (pH 6–7) to avoid residual acid affecting product quality.

4. Ukukhulisa nokulahla amanzi (Ukuthola i-Concentrate eqinile)

• 1. Purified slurry enters a Ukukhulisa for concentration via gravity settling, increasing underflow density to 60%–70%.
• 2. Concentrated slurry is fed to a Filter Press or Vacuum Filter to dewater to ≤ 10% moisture content.
• 3. The filter cake is dried in a Rotary Dryer (120–150°C) to obtain dry quartz sand concentrate.
• 4. I-concentrate eyomile ihlukaniswe nge-I-Vibrating Screen ukuze ihlunge imikhiqizo eqediwe ehlinzeka ngezincazelo ezihlukene (isb., umlotha omkhulu, ophakathi, omncane) ngokuya ngezidingo zempahla.

5. Ukuhlola Nokugcina Imikhiqizo Ehlanganisiwe

• Izinkomba Zokuhlola: SiO₂ purity (ordinary industrial sand ≥98.5%, glass sand ≥99.3%, PV-grade ≥99.9%, electronic-grade ≥99.99%), Fe₂O₃ content (ordinary sand ≤0.3%, high-end sand ≤0.005%), particle size distribution, moisture content.
• Storage: Umswakama ophelile ugcinwa ezikhwameni ezikhethekile ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwesibili (isb., ama-chips ensimbi, uthuli).

Izinhlelo Ezilula Zezinyathelo Zokuhlanzeka Ezinhlobonhlobo

Izici eziyinhloko zeNqubo neZinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe

1. Izici Eziyinhloko:

• Izigaba eziningi zokuvalwa kwemijikelezo yokucindezela (kokubili ukucindezela nokugaya) ziqinisekisa usayizi wezigaba ofanayo futhi zehlisa ukulahleka komhlaba.
• Ukuhlanzwa komzimba kuyi-primary, ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kuyi-supplementary" kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanzwa.
• Izinto ezingcolile ziyasuswa ngezinyathelo, zinikela ngokuhlosiwe okuqinile kanye nokuguquguquka kwizinsiza ezahlukene zomkhiqizo nezidingo zokuhlanzeka.

2. Izinto Eziyinhloko Okufanele Zicatshangelwe:

• Ukuvimbela Ukuhlangana Kwezinsimbi Zensimbi: Beka ukufaneleka kwemigqomo ye-rubber noma ye-ceramic kumishini yokushaya nokuhlanza ukuze ugweme ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwe-ayoni ngenxa yokuxhumana ngesikhathi.
• Ukulawulwa Kwe-Reagent: Phatha ngokucacile umthamo wesihlungi kanye ne-pH ekwenzeni ukufudumala nokukhuhla kwe-asidi ukuze ugweme ukuhamba kwezimali ezikhishwayo.
• Ukucutshungulwa KweMvula Engcolile: Amathumbu amancane e-asidi kumele ancishiswe (isb. nge-lime ukuze kube ne-pH ~7) ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukujikeleza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola.

Uhlu lwezisetshenziswa ezisemqoka (Ukuhlelwa Okujwayelekile)

The standard process can be flexibly adjusted depending on the raw ore’s initial SiO₂ content, impurity types (including chromium, titanium presence), and target purity levels. Custom solutions require detailed raw ore assay data for optimization.

Ukuze kufezeke isikhukhula se-quartz esiphezulu sokuthola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezimboni kudinga inqubo yokuthuthukisa eyakhelwe kahle futhi eqhutshwa ngendlela efanele. Uhlelo lokuhlanzwa oluvunyelwe olukhuluma lapha luhlanganisa izindlela zokusebenza nezamakhemikhali ezihlelwe ukuze zikususe izinto ezingafunwa kahle ngempumelelo, kuyilapho kuthathwa izici ezimbalwa ze-ore nezinye izidingo zokuhlanzeka. Ngokusebenzisa imishini efanelekile, ukulawula okuvalwe, nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, abakhiqizi be-quartz sand bangahlinzeka ngempela ngezinto ezihlangabezana noma ezigcina ziguquguquka ezingeni lezimboni zokuhlanganiswa, ukufaka izimboni, i-photovoltaic, kanye ne-electronic-grade sands. Ukuhambisana nezilawuli ezibalulekile zenqubo kanye nezivikelo zemvelo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngokuhambisana nesiphetho somkhiqizo.

Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubo okwemininingwane, ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwempahla yezikhiye kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinsiza zokuhlunga futhi kuqinisekiswe inani lomkhiqizo.