Inqubo Yokuhlunga Nokucwecwana Kwesihlabathi Esijwayelekile seQuartz

Isiphetho:Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza inqubo ephelele yokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kweqhwa, ukusuka ekuphukeni kuya ekwelapheni kwemithi, ehlelelwe izigaba ezahlukene kusukela kokwakhiwa kuya ekusebenziseni kwezimboni.

Iqhwa le-quartz, elisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokwenziwa kwengilazi, ifektri, i-photovoltaics, kanye ne-electronics, lidinga amazinga aphezulu okupholisa ukuze lihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zezimboni. Inhloso eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kweqhwa le-quartz ukuhoxisa izinto ezingcolile (ukhanyiso, i-aluminium, i-mica, ukumaketha, njll.) futhi ifinyelele ekuhlanzeni okulinganisiwe, ekugcineni ikhiqize iqhwa le-quartz eliphezulu elihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yezimboni.

Ngenkathi le nqubo kumele ilinganiswe nezici ze-ore elingalungile (njengemikhono yephutha nekhono lokusakaza amamodi), izigaba eziyisisekelo zisebenza emhlabeni wonke. Le ndatshana ichaza izindlela ezijwayelekile.ukucwengelela kanye nenqubo yokuhlanzwa kwe-quartz sandkuhlanganisa izigaba eziyinhloko, ukukhethwa kwemishini, amapharamitha abalulekile, nezimo zokusetshenziswa.

Inqubo Yokuthuthukisa I-Quartz Sand Ejwayelekile (Imayelana Nezinto Ezingafunwa → Ukuhlanganiswa Okuphumelel kakhulu)

1. Ukulungiswa: Ukuphuka Nokuhlunga (Ukunqanda Usayizi Weparticle, Ukukhipha Iphutha Elikhulu)

Inhloso Eyisisekelo:Ukucindezela i-ore elingenalutho kube usayizi wama-particle ofanelekayo ukudlula futhi ukuhlukanisa i-gravel enkulu kanye nezinsalela zomhlaba ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvinjwa emishini elandelayo.

Izinyathelo Zenkampani:

• 1. I-ore elingakandi (itswele le-quartz, i-quartz sand ore) ifakwa kusigubhu se-ore elingakandi ngumnikazi/umfeed ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudla okuhlala njalo;
• 2.Ukuphahlazeka okuyinhloko:Sebenzisa aIsithuthuthu sokuqhekeza izinto. ukunciphisa usayizi wesihlungu ube ngu-50–100 mm ukuze uhambisane nezidingo zokuphuka okuncane okulandelayo.
• 3.Ukuhlola Nokuhlukanisa:Umphumela ophukile ophukile udlula esikrinini esivibrayo esijikelezayo (ubukhulu bemicu 10–20 mm). Impahla enkulu ibuyiselwa ukuze iqhubeke nephukile, kanti impahla efanelekayo iqhubeka nephukile enezinhlangothi ezincane.
• 4.Ukuphuca Okuphakathi (Okuhle)Sebenzisa ai-cone crushernoma umphumphu wokwehlisa usayizi wepati ukuya ku-5–10 mm, umkhiqizo ophelile ophukile ngaphambi kokugaya.
• 5.Umjikelezo Ophothuliwe:Umkhiqizo ophukile kahle ubuyiselwa kwi-sikrini eshaya njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe usayizi ofanayo wezinhlayiya futhi kugwenywe ukuhlinzwa ngokweqile (okwandisa inselelo yokuhlanzeka elandelayo).

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko:Usayizi womkhiqizo ohlukumezwayo ulawulwa ku-5–10 mm; ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola ≥ 90%.

2. Ukugaya Nokuhlukanisa (Ukwenza Usayizi Wamakhemikhali Ube Ncono, Ukukhulula Izinto Ezingenakufaneleka)

Inhloso Eyisisekelo:Ukuqeda amaqanda e-quartz ukuze athole ubukhulu obufanele (isb. -20 mesh, -100 mesh), ukhulula ngokuphelele i-quartz ezimpungushe ezingeni (isb. i-iron oxides, mica), ubeka isisekelo sokuhlanzwa okulandelayo.

Izinyathelo Zenkampani:

• (1) Impahla eyayiphulwe kahle ithunyelwa ebhini ye-ore eyenziwe kahle futhi ifakwa ngokulinganayo kwi-Wet Rod Mill noma i-Ball Mill (ama-rod mills akhethwa ku-quartz sand ukuze kuncishiswe uku-Over-grinding nokungcoliswa kwegolide).
• (2) Umkhiqizo wendawo ungene kwiSisetshenziswa Sokuhlukanisa (umhlanga ophukile, i-hydrocyclone, noma i-spiral classifier) ukuze uhlukanise amakhaza nemin قطر.
• (3) Umjikelezo Wokuphuma Ovulekile: Ukuphuma okuphansi (ama-partiki amakhulu) kusuka kumklami kubuyiselwa emshinini wokuphinda kugqokwe; uku overflow (usayizi we-partiki ofanelekile) kuya ekuhlanzeni.

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko:

• Ukucwecwa kokuphakama:Kulungisiwe ngokwezidingo zezimboni. I-ordinary glass sand idinga ukuthi ngaphezulu kuka-80% idlule emashini angama-100; i-PV/electronic-grade sand idinga ukuthi ngaphezulu kuka-90% idlule emashini angama-200.
• Ubukhulu beSlurry:Kuphathwa ku-60%–70% ngesikhathi sokugaya futhi ku-30%–40% ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa.

3. Izigaba Zokuhlanzwa Kwezinto eziyisisekelo (Ukukhipha Ukungcoliseka, Ukuthuthukiswa KwePhetho)

Ubumpu obukhulu ukuqhamuka kumphunga we-quartz yi-iron (Fe₂O₃), aluminum (Al₂O₃), mica, kanye ne-clay, kudinga inqubo ehlelekile "yomzimba + yemichas" .

(1) Ukucwenga nokususwa umhlabathi (Ukususa iClay, Okokumbo lwe-Argillaceous)

• Umsebenzi:Ukukhuthazwa kwemishini + ukuwashwa kwe-hydraulic ukususa amafilimu e-clay kanye ne-fine slime surfaces ze-quartz particle (i-slime ingabamba izinto eziphazamisa, kuthinta ukukhipha irobhothi okulandelayo).
• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:I-Durm Scrubber, i-Spiral Scrubber (ukuhlanjwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili kusebenziseka kakhulu).
• Izimpawu Eziyinhloko:Ukuhlanzwa isikhathi 15–30 imizuzu; ubunzima be-slurry 25%–35%; ingcindezi yamanzi aphezulu 0.3–0.5 MPa.

(2) Ukuhlukanisa Nokuhlanza (Ukuhlukanisa Imfucumfucu Ephansi)

• Umsebenzi:Beka uhlu lwe-slurry ehlanzekile ukuze ususe ama-slime anhlobonhlobo aphansi kwe-200 mesh (agcwele izinto ezingezona ez鐦hamba ne-aluminium).
• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:I-hydrocyclone, i-thickener ye-plate efinyelwe.
• Umsebenzi:I-sikhalazo se-cyclone (i-slime) iyaphuma; i-underflow (izinsalela zepulasitiki ezinzima) iqhubekela ekususweni kwensimbi.

(3) Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamagatsha Ngephepha Lokukhipha U Iron (Ukukhipha Izinto Ezimqoka Ezibumbene)

• Umsebenzi:Isinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokukhipha insimbi emagnetikhi (isb. i-magnetite) kanye nensimbi enomagnetism ophansi (isb. i-hematite, i-limonite).
• Uhlanganyelo LweZinsiza:Low-Intensity Magnetic Separator (ukhipha insimbi engafaneleki, i-magnetite) + High-Intensity Magnetic Separator (ukhipha insimbi enomoya ophansi, ama-oxide ensimbi-titanium).
• Izimpawu Eziyinhloko:Amandla emkhakha ommagneti aphakeme kakhulu angama-10,000–15,000 Gauss; isivinini sokuhamba kwe-slurry singama-0.5–1.0 m/s ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kokungcola kwemagneti.

(4) Ukukhanga (Ukukhuhla Izinto Ezingenamagnethi EzinjengamaMica, amaFeldspar)

• Ukusetshenziswa:Imfuneko ye-quartz sand enobungcweti obuphezulu (isb., Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.02%) ukuhlukanisa i-feldspar ne-mica (ububanzi obufana ne-quartz, engakwazi ukususwa nge-separation ye-magnetic).
• Isimiso:Phansi kwezimo ezise-acidic (pH 2–3), ngokusebenzisa izithako zokuflotation (isb, ama-amine collectors, i-sodium fluorosilicate depressant), i-feldspar ne-mica zenza isixhumi namabhubhane emoya futhi zibhakabhake, kanti i-quartz ihlala ku-slurry.
• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo:Umshini Wokuhlanza Ngemishini Yokuphakela, Umshini Wokuphakela Ongenisiwe (ukuphakela okwenyukayo ukuze kuhlanzwe kahle zonke izinto ezingafunwa).

(5) Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali (Kubaleleka ku-PV/Isikhala sesikhumba esisemqoka)

• Ukusetshenziswa:Uma izinqubo ezijwayelekile zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphuma okuphezulu (isb. Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.005%).
• Izinketho Zokusebenza:
  • Ukuxubha Nge-Asidi: Gxila i-slurry emanzini e-asidi ahlanganisiwe (i-hydrochloric, i-sulfuric, i-hydrofluoric) ukuze udishe insalela yensimbi ne-aluminium oxides.
  • Ukupheka-Ngokukhipha Ugesi: Okokuqala pheka i-quartz sand ku-600–800°C ukuze uguqule izinsalela zensimbi eziyinqaba zibe ngezimoto ezixubekayo, bese uzikhipha ngokuhlunga ngacid.
• Isinyathelo Esibalulekile:Ngemuva kokuhlanza ngengcindezi ye-asidi, geza ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze uthole ubunzima (pH 6–7) ukuze ugweme ukuhlala kwensipho okuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

4. Ukukhulisa nokulahla amanzi (Ukuthola i-Concentrate eqinile)

• 1. I-slurry ehlanzekile ingena kwi-Thickener ukuze i-concentration nge-gravity settling, ikhuphula ubuningi be-underflow kuya ku-60%–70%.
• 2. I-slurry ethile ifakelwe ku-Filter Press noma ku-Vacuum Filter ukuze ikhiphe amanzi ukuze ifinyelele ku-≤ 10% umswakama.
• 3. I-cake yokuhlunga iyomiswa ku-Rotary Dryer (120–150°C) ukuze uthole iquartz sand concentrate eyomile.
• 4. I-concentrate eyomile ihlukaniswe nge-Vibrating Screen ukuze ihlunge imikhiqizo eqediwe ehlinzeka ngezincazelo ezihlukene (isb., umlotha omkhulu, ophakathi, omncane) ngokuya ngezidingo zempahla.

5. Ukuhlola Nokugcina Imikhiqizo Ehlanganisiwe

• Izinkomba Zokuhlola:Ubulili be-SiO₂ (isihlabathi semboni ejwayelekile ≥98.5%, isihlabathi sekhasi ≥99.3%, ibanga le-PV ≥99.9%, ibanga le-electronic ≥99.99%), okuqukethwe kwe-Fe₂O₃ (isihlabathi ejwayelekile ≤0.3%, isihlabathi esisezingeni eliphezulu ≤0.005%), ukusabalalisa kwezithako, okuqukethwe komswakama.
• Ukugcinwa:Umswakama ophelile ugcinwa ezikhwameni ezikhethekile ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwesibili (isb., ama-chips ensimbi, uthuli).

Izinhlelo Ezilula Zezinyathelo Zokuhlanzeka Ezinhlobonhlobo

Izici eziyinhloko zeNqubo neZinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe

1. Izici Eziyinhloko:

• Izigaba eziningi zokuvalwa kwemijikelezo yokucindezela (kokubili ukucindezela nokugaya) ziqinisekisa usayizi wezigaba ofanayo futhi zehlisa ukulahleka komhlaba.
• Ukuhlanzwa komzimba kuyi-primary, ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kuyi-supplementary" kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanzwa.
• Izinto ezingcolile ziyasuswa ngezinyathelo, zinikela ngokuhlosiwe okuqinile kanye nokuguquguquka kwizinsiza ezahlukene zomkhiqizo nezidingo zokuhlanzeka.

2. Izinto Eziyinhloko Okufanele Zicatshangelwe:

• Ukuvimbela Ukuhlangana Kwezinsimbi Zensimbi:Beka ukufaneleka kwemigqomo ye-rubber noma ye-ceramic kumishini yokushaya nokuhlanza ukuze ugweme ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwe-ayoni ngenxa yokuxhumana ngesikhathi.
• Ukulawulwa Kwe-Reagent:Phatha ngokucacile umthamo wesihlungi kanye ne-pH ekwenzeni ukufudumala nokukhuhla kwe-asidi ukuze ugweme ukuhamba kwezimali ezikhishwayo.
• Ukucutshungulwa KweMvula Engcolile:Amathumbu amancane e-asidi kumele ancishiswe (isb. nge-lime ukuze kube ne-pH ~7) ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukujikeleza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcola.

Uhlu lwezisetshenziswa ezisemqoka (Ukuhlelwa Okujwayelekile)

Inqubo ejwayelekile ingashintshwa ngokukhululeka kuye ngesisekelo seSiO₂ sokuqala somgubo ophuliwe, izinhlobo zokungcola (kubandakanya khona kwechromium, i-titanium), kanye nezinga lokuhlanzeka elihlosiwe. Izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zidinga idatha ethile yokuhlola umgubo ophuliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe.

Ukuze kufezeke isikhukhula se-quartz esiphezulu sokuthola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezimboni kudinga inqubo yokuthuthukisa eyakhelwe kahle futhi eqhutshwa ngendlela efanele. Uhlelo lokuhlanzwa oluvunyelwe olukhuluma lapha luhlanganisa izindlela zokusebenza nezamakhemikhali ezihlelwe ukuze zikususe izinto ezingafunwa kahle ngempumelelo, kuyilapho kuthathwa izici ezimbalwa ze-ore nezinye izidingo zokuhlanzeka. Ngokusebenzisa imishini efanelekile, ukulawula okuvalwe, nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, abakhiqizi be-quartz sand bangahlinzeka ngempela ngezinto ezihlangabezana noma ezigcina ziguquguquka ezingeni lezimboni zokuhlanganiswa, ukufaka izimboni, i-photovoltaic, kanye ne-electronic-grade sands. Ukuhambisana nezilawuli ezibalulekile zenqubo kanye nezivikelo zemvelo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngokuhambisana nesiphetho somkhiqizo.

Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubo okwemininingwane, ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwempahla yezikhiye kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinsiza zokuhlunga futhi kuqinisekiswe inani lomkhiqizo.