Isiphetho:Hlola umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-Gold CIP kanye ne-CIL. Le mhlahlandlela iqhathanisa ukuhamba kwazo, izindleko, izinga lokubuyiswa, nezinhlobo zensimbi ezifanele ukuze kutholwe igolide kahle.
Emkhakheni wezokumba igolide wamanje, i-Cyanidation iqhubeka ibe yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokubuyisa igolide. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala,Ikarboni-ePulp (CIP)ne-I-Carbon-In-Leach (CIL)yizindlela ezimbili ezisebenzayo zokubuyisela. Ngenkathi zombili zincike ekutheni um carbon owenziweyo unokuthakazelisa kakhulu kumakhemikhali egolide-cyanide, zihluka ngendlela enkulu ngesikhathi sokwengeza um carbon kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo zokukhipha nokumunca. Ukukhetha inqubo efanelekayo kuyisinqumo esicwangcisayo esithinta izindleko zamasheya (CAPEX), izindleko zokusebenza (OPEX), kanye nokubuyiselwa kokwakhiwa kwezemagugu ukuphelele.
1. Izincazelo Eziyinhloko Nezindlela Zokuhamba Ezingafani
| Umthamo Wokuhlonza | Inqubo ye-CIP | Inqubo ye-CIL |
|---|---|---|
| Izakhiwo Zenkqondo | I-Cyanide leaching kuqala, ngokwehlukana. Ngemuva kokuthi igolide isihlangene ngokuphelele nezigxobo ze-gold-cyanide, ipulasitiki ivulwa ukuze ithathe. | Ukuhlanjululwa nokuminyaniswa okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-sodium cyanide ne-carbon esebenza kahle zengezwa kuphulp ngesikhathi esifanayo; igolide elihluziwe liphuthumayo liminyaniswa ne-carbon. |
| Indlela yokusebenza | Ukugaya → Ukulawula iSlurry → Amathangi eCyanide Leaching (ngaphandle kwekhabhoni) → Amathangi eCarbon Adsorption → Ukuhlukaniswa kweKhabhoni Ethwathwe → Ukukhishwa & I-Electrolysis | Umgubo → Ukuhlanjwa kwe-Slurry → Imikhono ye-Leach-Adsorption ehlanganisiwe (NaCN + ikhabhoni esebenzisiwe) → Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhabhoni efakiwe → Ukukhipha & Ukukhipha ugesi |
| Iphuzu Lokwengeza Ikhabhoni | Ngemuva kwezing tanki zokukhama, lapho ukuhlangana kwamakholoni e-gold-cyanide akhululiwe kuphakama. | Fakwe ngasikhathi sinye ne-sodium cyanide emaqandeni okugcwaliswa, akhona ngesikhathi sohlelo lokuhlanganiswa kwe-slurry. |
| Umkhandlu Wezisebenzi Zethangi | Izitsha zokuhlunga (zukudlula igolide) + Izitsha zokumunca (zukumunca igolide); imisebenzi ihlukaniswe. | Izikhwama ze-Leach-Adsorption zihlanganisa imisebenzi "yokuphula igolide" kanye "nokuhlanganisa igolide"; akukho ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwemisebenzi phakathi kwezikhwama. |
Imininingwane Yokusebenza kanye Nezindlela Ezingafani
Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwemikhondo eyisisekelo, i-CIP ne-CIL zikhombisa umehluko omkhulu ezimeni ezibalulekile zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza, nokulawulwa kwenqubo, okuqhubekayo kuthinta ukusebenza kwazo nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
1. Isikhathi Sokukhipha vs. Isikhathi Sokumunca
- CIP:Iphonsa isikhathi esanele sokuhlanza (ngokuvamile amahora ayi-6–12) ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuphelele kwegolide emgodini, ngaphambi kokungena esigabeni sokuminyana (isikhathi sokuminyana amahora ayi-4–8). Isikhathi esiphelele sokugcina i-pulp sihamba isikhathi eside.
- CIL:Ukuxinwa nokumunca kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma sekuhlanjululwe, igolide imunca ikhabhoni, avoiding hydrolysis noma ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa ye-gold-cyanide ngongqimba. Isikhathi esiphelele sokugcina i-pulp sibhala isikhathi esincane (ngokuvamile amahora angu-8–16, okungama-20%–30% ngaphansi kwe-CIP).
2. Ukucindezela Kwamalahle Activated kanye Nomjikelezo Wokugeleza
- CIP:Ingxenye yokugxila isebenzisa uhlelo lokugxila oluphakanyisiwe olunezigaba ezinhlanu kuze kube ezintathu (3–6 stages). Isilinganiso sekhabhoni esivuselelekayo sisezingeni eliphansi (10–15 g/L), esisebenzisa ukugxila kwethafa ukuze kukhuphule ukuvuselelwa kwegolide.
- CIL:Izakhi eziphathelene nokugxila kwekhabhoni esebenzayo phakathi kwemithombo yokukhipha-nkqubo zikhona phezulu (15–25 g/L). Uhlelo lwe-counter-current cascade lusetshenziswa futhi, lapho ikhabhoni ihamba ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwemithombo, kuholela ekwandeni kokusebenza kahle kokukhangwa.
3. Ukusetshwa kweCyanide
- CIP:Ngesikhathi sokuphuma, ukungabi khona kwekhabhoni kuvumela i-cyanide ukuthi idliwe kalula ngama-sulfide, insimbi, nezinye izimpurities emgudwini. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo kuphezulu (ivamile 0.2–0.5 kg/t ye-ore).
- CIL:Ikhabhoni exhumlekileyo ikhethekile ikhulisa ama-complexe egolide-cyanide, yehlisa impendulo ye-cyanide em free nezingcolile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuncishiswa ngo-10%–30%, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kumaminerali anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezingcolile.
4. Izici Ze-Pulp Nezindlela Zokuhlangabezana nezidingo
- Inqubo ye-CIP:Izigaba zokuhlunga ezihlukene kanye nezokuphakela zenza kube lula ukulungisa paramitha ze-pulp (isb., pH, ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide, ijubane lokuhlanganisa) ngasinye. Nokho, awukwazi ukuhlinzeka kahle ezitshalweni ezinezinsalela eziningi noma ezinamaminerali amnyama, njengoba imfucumfucu ey excessive ingavimba ukuthuthwa kwempahla kokubili ekuhlungweni nasekuphekeni.
- CIL Inqubo:Ukuhluza-nokumunca okwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhamba komkhiqizo kanye obsahlekile (kufanele kube ngu-40%–50% wezinto eziqinile), njengoba umanyolo ophakeme unganciphisa umphumela wamakhabhoni nokusebenza kokumunca. Nokho, lokhu kuhlelekile kakhulu kumaminerali anokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ukuvumelana kwegolide okusheshayo kwehlisa ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yizinto ezihlangene.
3. Izinhlobo Zensimbi ezifanelekayo kanye Nokuhlola Umphumela Wokuphindaphinda
Ukusebenza kwe-CIP ne-CIL kuxhomeke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-ore—ukukhetha inqubo efanele ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-ore kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukuvuselelwa kwegolide nasekutholeni inzuzo yezezimali.
| Isimo | Inqubo ye-CIP | Inqubo ye-CIL |
|---|---|---|
| Izinhlobo Zensimbi Ezifanele | Izinsimbi ze-oxide ezingenazo ukungcola, ezikhululekile zokuphanda. Amaminerali anezinzuzo zegolide ezijulile. Amagugu anokwehla ngokushesha kwe-kinetics. |
Izingxobo eziphikisayo eziqukethe ama-sulfides, i-copper, i-arsenic, njll. Izigodi zegolide eziqhubekayo kahle. Ama-ores e-carbonaceous (adinga ukuphathwa ngaphambi) |
| Iholo leGolide | 90%–95% (ithinteke ukusebenza kokuhlanza) |
92%–98% (ukugcina isikhathi sokugaywa kwe-gold kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-gol) |
| Ukubekezelela Izinto Ezingafaneleki | Okuncane Izinto ezingafaneleki zibhujiswa kalula yi-cyanide, kwehlisa ukusebenza kokukhipha. |
Phezulu Ukuminyaniswa kwekhabhoni kungaphepha ezinye ukuphazamiseka okuvela ezinhlakeni eziphazamisayo. |
4. Ukutshala, Izindleko, kanye Nobunzima Bokusebenza
Umehluko wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-CIP ne-CIL ubandakanya ukuwohloka ekutshalweni kwezimali, izindleko zokusebenza, nezidingo zokulawula inqubo, okuyizici ezibalulekile ekufezekiseni iphrojekthi.
1. Ukutshalwa Kwezinsiza
- Inqubo ye-CIP:Idinga ama-tankhi ahlukanisiwe wokukhukhumala kanye namatankhi okuthola, kuholela emayunithi amaningi wamathangi, indawo enkulu, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali okuncane okunwetshiwe (okuphakeme ngama-5%–10% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CIL). Imishini eyengeziwe yokudlulisela i-pulp phakathi kwezinyathelo zokukhukhumala nokuthola nayo ikhuphula izindleko zokuqala.
- CIL Inqubo:Izici zokuqala ezihlanganisa amatshelo wokukhuculula-ukugxilisa, zinciphisa inani lezinto zamatanki futhi zenza kube lula ukuhamba kwenqubo. Ine-layout encane kakhulu, izindleko zokwakha nezisebenza kancane, futhi ikakhulukazi iyindleko ephumelelayo kuma-mine amakhulu (amandlaonyaka >500,000 tonnes).
2. Izindleko zokusebenza
- Inqubo ye-CIP:Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwecyanide nokuhlala isikhathi eside kuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokusebenzisa ama-reagent kanye namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba ezihlukene zidinga ukugcinwa njalo kwemishini (isb., ama-agitator ezitsha zokuhambisa, amascreen ezitsheni zokukhangela), okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza.
- CIL Inqubo:Ukusetshenziswa kokuphendulwa kwezimali (cyanide, lime) okuncane kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala esifushane kunciphisa izindleko zamandla nezinto. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luphinde lunciphise izidingo zokugcina imishini, okuholela ekwehliseni izindleko zokusebenza kwezinsuku ezide—inzuzo ebonakala kakhulu uma kudingeka ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.
3. Ubunzima Bokusebenza
- Inqubo ye-CIP:Ukuphuma nokumunca kulawulwa ngokuzimela, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise izinkomba (isb. isikhathi sokuphuma, umthamo we-cyanide) ngokwezimfanelo zempahla ye-ore ngaleso sikhathi. Le nqubo ilula ukuyisebenzisa nokuxazulula izinkinga, yenze ifanele izimayini ezincane kuya kwezaphakathi noma izinhlelo ezinezabe zokusebenza ezinganembile.
- CIL Inqubo:Kudinga ukuphathwa kokukhishwa kanye nezinga lokuthwebula ngasikhathi sinye (isb., ijubane lokwengeza ikhabhoni ephakanyisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwecyanide, ubukhulu bophenyo, amandla wokuxova). Kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokusebenza ukuze kulungiswe ukusebenza kokukhishwa nokusebenza kokuthwebula. Kodwa-ke, ngezisistimu zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo ezithuthukisiwe (isb., abahloli be-cyanide abakwi-inthanethi, abahloli bokukhanya kwekhabhoni), le nqubo ingaqiniswa, iyenza ifanelekile emadigodini amakhulu, athuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe.
5. Isifinyezo Esiyinhloko Nezinqamuleli Zokukhetha
| Umsebenzi | Izinsiza eziyisisekelo | Izithiyo Eziyinhloko | Izimo Ezivamile Zokusebenza |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIP | Ukusebenza okuklanywe kahle, ukulawulwa kwesigaba okuzimele, ukuxazulula izinkinga okulula, kufanelekile kuma-ore angalungiseka kalula. | Izindleko eziphezulu ze-reagent kanye ne-energi, isikhathi sokuhlala eside, ukumelana okuphansi nokungcola, utshalomali oluphakeme. | Iminyango emincane neyaphakathi, amaminerali egolide anezinkinga eziphansi, amaphrojekthi anemithombo yezobuchwepheshe elinganiselwe. |
| CIL | Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, isikhathi sokuhlala esifushane, ukwakhiwa okuhle kakhulu kwegolide, ukuhleleka okuncane, izindleko zokutakula nezokusebenza eziphansi. | Izidingo zokusebenza eziphezulu kakhulu, ezingabekezeleleki ezimayini ezinomjondolo ophakeme, zidinga ukuzenzakalelayo advanced ukuze kusebenze kahle. | Imigodi emikhulu, izinsimbi zegolide ezinzima (ukungcoliswa okuphezulu, igolide elincane), imisebenzi egcizelela ukusebenza kahle nezindleko. |
Ukudlula kwi-CIP kuya kwi-CIL kube yitrendi enkulu ekucubunguleni igolide emhlabeni. Ngenkathi i-CIP ibonisa inzuzo yokulawula ngokuzimela ukuxova nokumunca—yenza kube ukukhetha okuqinisekile kwe-oxide ores elula—I-CIL isibe yikhanda embonini yemikhankaso emikhulu yesimanje. Ikghono le-CIL lokunciphisa izindleko zokwakha nezokulwa nokulahleka kwegolide ezindaweni ezinzima zempucuko lenza kube ukukhetha okunokukhethwa okufanele kakhulu nezinguquko eziningi ezikhohlisayo emigodini yegolide yanamuhla.
Isiluleko
Thola Isisombululo