Isiphetho:Izindleko zephakheji yokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwephothifoliyo yokucwakaza igolide ethathwa ngokwejwayelekile zihlala zenzeka phakathi kuka-$1 million no-$10 million.

Ukukhipha igolide ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-cyanidation leaching kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhipha igolide ezinhlotsheni zamaminerali asezingeni eliphansi noma kumaminerali aqukethe igolide ngendlela engatholakali kalula ngezimiso zomhlaba ezivamile. I-cyanidation ihilela ukususwa kwegolide kumaminerali kuphume isixazululo se-cyanide, kulandelwa ngezinqubo ezahlukene ezifana nokumunca, ukususa, nokukhipha ngogesi, ukuze kubuyiswe le mpahla eyigugu. Nakuba i-cyanidation ibonakale iyasebenza ezinhlelweni eziningi zokumba, izindleko zokwakha nokusebenza kwesikhungo sokukhipha igolide nge-cyanidation leaching zingaba phezulu. Izinhlaka eziphelele zokwakha nokusebenza kwesikhungo esincane noma esiphakathi kokukhipha igolide nge-cyanidation leaching ngokuvamile zihluka ukusuka$1 million kuya ku-$10 millionKulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta izindleko zokwakha imboni yokukhishwa kwe-gold cyanidation, kuhlanganise nemishini, izakhiwo, amakhemikhali, abasebenzi, ukuhambisana nemithetho, kanye nezinselelo zokusebenza.

The Complete Cost of Gold Cyanidation Leaching Plant

1. Ukwethulwa Kwe-Cyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanidation leaching yinqubo yemikhakha yezenzakalo esebenzisa i-cyanide ukuze ikhiphe igolide emgudwini. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze ikhiphe igolide kumagugu aphansi angabhekwa kalula ngasemva kweminye imisebenzi efana nokuhlukaniswa kwesisindo noma ukwehla. Inqubo isebenza ngokuhlanganisa umgudu okhanyayo ophondwe kahle ne-solution ye-cyanide, edala i-gold-cyanide complex. Le complex icushiwe ukusuka emgudwini futhi iphathwa ngokwengeziwe ukuze ibuyise igolide.

Ukuhlakanipha kokusebenzisa i-cyanidation engeziningi kuncike ezintweni ezihlukene, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwezinto ezitholakalayo, usayizi wezinsalela, ukugxila kwe-cyanide, amazinga e-pH, kanye nokushisa. Nakuba i-cyanidation isebenza kahle ezinhlelweni eziningi zezezimali zegolide, idinga ukuba nezezimali ezinzima zokubeka phezulu kanye nezindleko eziqhubekayo zokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo nangokuphepha.

2. Izici Eziyinhloko Nezisetshenziswa zefektri ye-Cyanidation Leaching

Ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwesitshalo sokuhlanza se-cyanidation kudinga izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile nemishini, ngakunye kulezi ezihlanganyela ekwakheni izindleko jikelele. Lezi zingxenye zingahluka ngokuncika osayizi bokusebenza nasezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi, kodwa ezinye zezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka phakathi:

a) Imishini Yokuphuka Nokugaya

Isinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni ye-cyanidation sithinta ukulungiselela umgodi ukuze uthole ukuhlala ukuphuma ngokuwuphula nokuwugaya ube yimicu emincane. Lokhu kukhulisa indawo yes surface yomgodi, okwenza kube ngcono ukusebenza kwesixazululo se-cyanide ekutholeni igolide. Imishini yokuphula nokugaya ivamise ukufaka:

  • Ama-Jaw Crusher:Kusetshenziswa ukwephula ithambo elikhulu laba yizicucu ezincane.
  • Amabhola Amamili:Kusediswa ukuze kuqedwe i-ore kube uthuli olunembile.
  • Amarodi Amamili:Ngokuvamile kusebenzelwa ama-ore anzima adinga ukugaywa kahle.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Imishini yokucindezela nokugaya ingaba phakathi kwezingxenye ezibiza kakhulu zeplants ye-cyanidation leaching, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini omkhulu. Izindleko zokuqala zamacrushers namamili zingashintsha zibe phakathi kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane kuya kwezamamilioni amadola, kuye ngesikali somsebenzi.

Funda Futhi: Isikhululo Sokucisha Igolide e-Tanzania

b) Amathangi Okukhuculula kanye NoMshini Wokudonsa

Izitanki zokukhipha zisetshenziswa ukuvikela ithusi nephilisi ye-cyanide ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha. Lezi zitanki ngokuvamile ziqukethe uhlelo lokuvunguza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudonsa kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwethusi nephilisi ye-cyanide, kuvumela i-cyanide ukuba ixube igolide. Izitanki kumele zibe senzelwe ngezinto ezivimba ukuholeka kwemiphumela yokubola ye-cyanide.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Ama-tank wokukhishwa aphakathi kwezindleko ezibizayo zokwakha nokufaka, njengoba adinga izinto eziqinile, ezingapheki. Izindleko zama-tank wokukhishwa zingahluka ukusuka ku-$100,000 kuya ku-$1 million, kuye ngosayizi weplant.

c) Uhlelo Lokuhlanganisa Nokuletha i-Cyanide

I-Cyanide iyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuhlunga, futhi uhlelo lwayo lokulethwa kumele luhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cyanide ixubene kahle ne-ore futhi ikunconyiwe ngendlela efanele. Le nhlelo ivamise ukufaka izitsha zokugcina i-cyanide, izitsha zokuxuba, namapompo ukuze ilethe isixazululo kuma-tank wokuhlunga.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Izindleko zohlelo lokulethwa kwe-cyanide zingahluka ngokuya ngosayizi wokuqhuba, kodwa ngokujwayelekile zisesimeni esiphakathi kuka-$50,000 kuya ku-$500,000.

d) Uhlelo lwe-Karboni ku-Pulp (CIP) noma uhlelo lwe-Karboni ku-Leach (CIL)

Ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhipha nge-cyanidation, i-gold-cyanide complex iyahlukaniswa naphakathi kwe-ore, ngokuvamile ngezinqubo ezaziwa njenge-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) noma i-Carbon-in-Leach (CIL). Kulezi zinhlelo, ikhabhoni esebenzisekayo isetshenziswa uku-adsorbha igolide elixutshwe kusixazululo se-cyanide.

  • CIP:Isixazululo se-cyanide sidluliswa ezinqwabeleni ezifake i-carbon enesitsha, ethatha igolide.
  • CIL:Isixazululo se-cyanide sihlangene nephula kanye ne-carbon ngasikhathi sinye ezitokisini zokukhishwa.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Uhlelo lwe-CIP noma lwe-CIL ngokuvamile luwuhlobo lwezinto ezibizayo kakhulu zefektri ye-cyanidation ngenxa yezindleko ze-carbon ethunywayo kanye nemishini edingekayo. Izindleko zezifunda ze-CIP/CIL zingabiza ukusuka ku-$500,000 kuya ezigidini eziningi zamadola, kuya ngempela kwezinga lokusebenza.

e) Imishini Yokukhipha Nensimbi Yokupheka

Ngemuva kokuba igolide lelandelwe ku-carbon, igolide lelisuswa bese lidluliselwa emsebenzini ngokusebenzisa electrowinning kanye ne-smelting ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhokisi e-doré (amabhokisi egolide angaphelele). I-electrowinning ihilela ukusebenzisa umjikelezo kagesi ukuze kwehliswe igolide esixazululweni se-cyanide sibe sekathodeni, emva kwalokho igolide liyabuyiselwa futhi libhujiswa.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Izikhwama ze-electrowinning nezitofu zokuncibilikisa zingabiza kusukela ku-$200,000 kuya ku-$2 million, kuye ngosayizi nempahla yeplanti.

f) Ukuphathwa kwezingcezu kanye nokuphuma kwazo

Izinsalela, noma izinto eziphukile, ziyimiphumela yecebo le-cyanidation. Ukuphathwa kahle kwensalela kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela endaweni nasokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuvikela indawo. Izindawo zokugcina izinsalela (TSF) zenzelwe ukugcina ngokuphepha izinto ezisele, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuhlanziswe i-cyanide ngaphambi kokuphuma.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa: Ukwakhiwa kwesitolo sokugcina imfucumfucu kungaba izindleko eziyinkulu, ukusuka ku-$100,000 kuya ezigidini ezithile zamaDola, kuye ngokuthi ubungako besenzo nokukhwabanisa kwezidingo zokuphathwa kwemfucumfucu.

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3. Izindleko Zokusebenza Kwefektri Yokuxubha ye-Cyanidation

Ngaphezu kwemali yokutshala ephathelene nokwakha ifektri, kukhona izindleko eziningi ezihambelanayo ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Lezi zindleko zingahlukaniswa ngaphezulu kokuthi:

a) Izindleko Zabasebenzi

Igesi le-cyanidation leaching lidinga abantu abanolwazi ukuze basisebenzise, bagcine, futhi bahlolwe izingxenye ezahlukene zeplant. Umsebenzi uvame ukufaka:

  • Abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokuhlanganisa nokubuyisela.
  • Abatekniki bokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini iphephile.
  • Abaphathi nabaphathi bokuqapha ukusebenza kwefektri.

Izindleko Zokuqinisekisa: Izindleko zokwakha zingahluka ngokuya nendawo nasezingeni lomsebenzi odingekayo. Ngok平均, izindleko zokwakha zefektri encane kuya ephakathi zingase zibe phakathi kuka-$200,000 no-$1 million ngonyaka.

b) Izindleko Zemithi

I-Cyanide iyikhemikhali eyinhloko esetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhipha, futhi izindleko zayo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwe-cyanide, kukhona nezinye izimboni ezidingekayo ezifana ne-lime (yokulawula i-pH) kanye ne-carbon esebenziswayo (ye-CIP noma ye-CIL inqubo).

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Izindleko ze-cyanide ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu emkhakheni we-cyanidation. Intengo ye-cyanide ingafinyelela ku-$1,000 kuya ku-$2,500 ngentanga, kuye ngesimo semakethe. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zezinto zokwakha ezikhona emsebenzini omncane kuya komaphakathi zingafinyelela ku-$500,000 kuya ku-$5 million ngonyaka.

c) Izindleko Zamanzi Nezamandla

Amanzi kanye nogesi kubalulekile ekuqhutshweni kwesigaba sokukhipha i-cyanidation. Amanzi adingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwane nezinqubo zokweqa, kanye nokuhlanza nokupholisa imishini. Ugesi udingeka ukuze kuqhutshwe imishini, kuhlanganise neziphahlaziyo, imishini yokuphumula, amapompo, kanye nohlelo lokukhipha ugesi.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa: Izindleko zamanzi namandla zingashintsha kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sendawo yesikhungo. Kulowo ophethe imisebenzi encane phansi komkhiqizo ophakathi, izindleko zonyaka zamanzi namandla zingafinyelela kusuka ku-$100,000 kuya ku-$2 million.

d) Ukugcinwa Nezigubhu Zesipele

Ukwakhiwa kwezinsiza kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwefektri yokuhlunga i-cyanidation. Ukugcinwa okuvamile kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza ezingeziwe kungasiza ekugwemaneni nokuphazamiseka kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Izindleko zokmaintenance zingafinyelela ku-$100,000 kuya ku-$500,000 ngonyaka, kuye ngem SIZE nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwefektri.

4. Izindleko Zezulu Nezokulawulwa

I-Cyanidation leaching ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwemichiza emibi, ikakhulukazi i-cyanide, eyephula imvelo futhi ibeka inselelo emthethweni. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemithetho, kuzodingeka izindleko ezengeziwe ze:

  • Ukuhlola Umthelela Wokuhlala (EIA):Izindleko ezihambisana nokwenza ama-EIA nokuthola ama-permit adingekayo.
  • Ukuphathwa Kwezinsalela:Ukwakhiwa nokuqinisekisa izikhungo zokugcina ukungcoliswa, kanye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo kokuphuma kokungcoliswa nokungcoliswa okungase kube khona kwemvelo.
  • I-Cyanide Detoxification:Ezimphakathini ezithile, kudingeka ukuthi kuhlanjululwe i-cyanide ngaphambi kokuphuma ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo emvelweni.

Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa:Izindleko zokuhambisana nemvelo nezokulawulwa zingahluka zibe phakathi kuka-$100,000 kuya kumamiliyoni ambalwa, kuye ngohlaka lokulawulwa olukhona kanye nosayizi wokusondeza.

Ukusetha nokusebenza kv plant ye-gold cyanidation leaching kuthinta izindleko ezinkulu zezimali nezokusebenza. Kusuka ekutshalweni kwezimali kokuqala kumathuluzi okuphosa nokugaya kuya ezindlekweni ezihambelana nezithako, abasebenzi, amandla, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho, izindleko zingakhula ngokushesha. Nokho, ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, ukusebenza kahle, nokulandelwa okuqinile kwemigomo yok regulation, ic plant ye-cyanidation leaching ingaba umkhiqizo ophumelelayo.

Ngenkathi izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zingaba phezulu, ithuba lokubuyiswa kwegolide lenza ukugeza nge-cyanide kube ukukhetha okunomtsalane kavulindlela yokucubungula amaminerali aphansi. Ukuqonda uhlelo lwezindleko nokuphatha kahle izingxenye ezahlukene zezindleko kungasiza abakhiqizi ukuba balungiselele imisebenzi yabo, bandidise inzuzo, futhi baqinisekise impumelelo yesikhathi eside embonini yokumbiwa kwegolide esheshayo.