Isiphetho:Le mhlahlandlela ihlaziya izinto eziyisisekelo zokwenza imishini yesihlabathi, kusukela ku-granite kuya kwe-concrete ephinde yakhiwa, nokuthi izici zazo zikhombisa kanjani ikhwalithi yesihlabathi sokugcina kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo zibe yisihlabathi sokwenziwa esisezingeni eliphezulu (okwakubizwa kaningi ngokuthi "M-Sand") kuyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwanamuhla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokwakha. Nakuba umshini wokwenza isihlabathi uqobo—ovame ukuba yi-Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) crusher noma i-cone crusher enezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza—ungumshini wale nqubo, ukukhetha impahla eyi-raw kungenzeka kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu echaza impumelelo yokusebenza. Akuzona zonke izinto eziqinile noma izinto zok feeding ezakhelwe ngokufanayo; izici zazo zangaphakathi zikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuphuka, izindleko zokugqoka emshinini, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wesihlabathi sokugcina.

Le ndatshana inikeza ukuhlolwa okunembile kwezinto eziyisisekelo ezivamile nezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isihlabathi, ihlaziya izici zazo, izinzuzo, izinselelo, kanye nomthelela wazo ophelele ekuhambelaneni kwesihlabathi esikhiqiziwe ngezinhlelo ezihlukene.

sand making machine

1. Iphrofayli Ehlelekile Yezinto Eziyisisekelo

Ngaphambi kokuhlola izinhlobo ezithile zezitsha, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici ezenza into eyisisekelo ifanele ukwenza isihlabathi. Into yokudla ehlelekile inezici ezilandelayo:

  • Abrasion Resistance:Imathiriyeli kufanele ibe nesikhala esiphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu sokucindezela kodwa ibe nokucindezela okungenamahlalakhona. Amadwala anokucindezela okukhulu (njengama granites anothuli) azokhiqiza isihlabathi esikhiqiziwe kahle kodwa ngentengo yokugqitya okusheshayo emashini, ama-anvil, kanye nemigqa.
  • Low Clay and contaminant Content:Ukuba khona kweklay, i-silt, noma impahla yokwakha kubalulekile kakhulu. Lezi zinto ezingafanele zifaka imithwalo yedwala, zikwambele ukusebenza kahle kokuphahlazeka, futhi zingaholela ekukleleni. Ziphinde zithinte kabi ikhwalithi ye-concrete ngokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokuhlanza isementi.
  • Cubic Grain Structure:Amatshe ahlukaniswayo abe sezimo ezine-cubic noma ezinomumo wombungulu (isb., i-basalt, i-diabase) akhethwa kunezinto ezikhiqiza amakhona noma ezinde (isb., amanye ama-schists, i-laminated limestone). Ama-grain ama-cubic anikeza ukusebenza kahle nokuphumelela emixube ye-concrete.
  • Optimal Feed Size:Imathiriyeli eluhlaza efakwa kumkhiqizi wesihlabathi kumele ibe nosayizi ofanele, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-0-40mm, njengoba ivamise ukuba umkhiqizo wesigaba sokuqala nesisekelo sokuphuka. Imathiriyeli ewuketshezi ingadala ukuvaleka nokungalingani, kanti ama-fines amaningi anganciphisa ukusebenza kahle.

2. Izinto Eziyisisekelo Ezivamile Zokwenziwa KweSand

Lezi ziwumgubo omusha owenziwe ezindlini, ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokukhiqiza ama-aggregates noshukela.

2.1. I-Granit

Njengoba iyodwa yeziqhu, i-granit ivame ukukhethwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ushukela.

  • Izici:Iqinile, iqinile, futhi i-abrasive phezulu ngenxa yokwenyuka kwayo kwe-quartz.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Khiqiza ushukela onamandla, ushukela wekhwalithi ephezulu onokuhlala kahle. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ufaneleka kahle ekwakhiweni kwe-concrete enezinga eliphezulu nokuthengisa.
  • Challenges:Ukukhazimula okuphezulu kuholela ekugqibeleni kokugqokwa kwezixhumi zecushuni, kuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokusebenza zokugqokwa. Uhlobo lokugcina lwezimpahla lungase lube ncane kancane uma luhlungiwe kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto uma kungacrushwa ngendlela efanele.

2.2. I-Basalt ne-Diabase (Dolerite)

Lezi yizinto zomlilo ezinzima, ezinezimfanelo ezinhle ezaziwa ngempumelelo yazo emkhiqizweni wezakhi.

  • Izici:Ziqinile kakhulu, ziqinile, futhi zinokwakheka kwekristalu okungokwemvelo, okunezithako ezincanyana ezihlangene.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Zaziwa ngokukhiqiza ama-particulars akhiwe nguququla, alungele isihlabathi. Isihlabathi esikhiqizwe kwi-basalti sinikeza amandla akhethekile nezakhiwo zokuxhumana kwi-concrete.
  • Challenges:Similar to granite, basalt is abrasive. Its high toughness can also lead to higher energy consumption during crushing.

2.3. Limestone

As a sedimentary rock, limestone is softer than igneous rocks like granite and basalt.

  • Izici:Moderately hard, but less abrasive. Its calcium carbonate composition makes it susceptible to acid erosion, which can limit its use in certain environments.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Lower abrasivity translates to significantly lower wear costs on the sand making machine. It is easy to crush and shape, often resulting in a good cubic shape.
  • Challenges:Umkhiqizo wokugcina wesihlabathi unamandla aphansi uma uqhathaniswa nesihlabathi segranite noma sebasalt, okwenza kube kufanelekile kakhulu ukuze kusetshenziswe kumsebenzi wezokwakha, ukufakwa kwezithombe, noma kukhonkolo onguye ophansi. Akunconywa kwezinhlelo ezivelele noma ezindaweni ezinomoya wesikhumba.

2.4. Igravel yeMfula / AmaPebbles Ezemvelo

Amatshe aphondwe ngendlela yemvelo atholakala emifungeni yesichibiyelo noma ezindaweni zokugcina iqhwa kube impahla ewubuciko.

  • Izici:Inzuzo njalo iqinile futhi inamandla, kodwa inendawo ebushelelezi, evundlile ngenxa yokuguguda kwemvelo.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Imathiriyeli uqobo ivamise ukuba ihlanzekile kakhulu (iphansi Ngokubamba iClay neSilt).
  • Challenges:The rounded shape is the primary drawback. It is more challenging for a sand maker to break rounded pebbles into angular, interlocking sand particles. This process consumes more energy and can result in a higher percentage of undesirable, fine dust (microfines). The resulting sand may lack the mechanical interlocking properties of crushed sand.

Raw Materials for Sand Making Machine

3. Alternative and Secondary Raw Materials

In line with sustainable development principles, the industry is increasingly turning to alternative materials, which also present unique processing challenges.

3.1. Ukuwakhiwa Nokuhlanjululwa (C&D) Imfucumfucu

I-concrete, amabhulokhi, kanye nezakhiwo ezivela ezakhiweni ezisuswe zifaka izinsiza ezinkulu ezingase zisebenze.

  • Izici:Ukuxuba okungafani kahle kwe-concrete, i-mortar, ama-ceramics, kanye nezinto ezingavela ezitholakalayo ezifana nebhodi, i-gypsum, noma insimbi.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Ukuphepha imfucumfucu ezindaweni zokuphosa, kugcina izinsiza zemvelo, futhi kunikeza isizinda se-raw material esishibhile.
  • Challenges:Idinga ukuhlelwa okunembile ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, kuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemagnethi ukuze kususwe i-rebar, ukuhlola ukuze kususwe izinto ezingafunwa, futhi ivamise ukuhlelwa ngesandla. I-sand yokuhlanjululwa yokugcina ingase ibe ne-mortar endala, ezokwandisa uku吸水 kwayo futhi yehlise amandla ayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sand entsha. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezicelo ezisezingeni eliphansi njenge-sub-base yomgwaqo noma njengokungeziwe, ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa kube ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu.

3.2. Mine Tailings

Imfucu ethile yokukhipha ezezimayini iyindawo ekhula kakhulu yokinterest.

  • Izici:Isilayidi semizimba emihle, evame containing amakhemikhali nezinsimbi zenqubo.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Ikhipha isixazululo senkinga enkulu yesimo sezemvelo yokugcina izinsalela. Ingaba umthombo okhulumayo wemfucu emihle.
  • Challenges:Ubunzima obuphambili ukukhipha amanzi nokuphatha ukuvuthwa okungenzeka kwamakhemikhali. Imfucu ingase idinge ukucutshungulwa (ukuhlanza nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali) ukuze ibe nephephile futhi ifanelekile ukusetshenziswa kokwakha. Isihlabathi esikhiqizwayo sivame ukuba sibhakabhakile kakhulu futhi singadinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinto ezibuhlungu kakhulu.

3.3. Imikhiqizo Engemuva Yokukhiqiza

Izinsalela ezivela emaphandleni ensimbi (izinsalela zokuphonsa, insimbi ezinsalela) yisibonelo esibalulekile.

  • Izici:Lezi zinto ezi-vitreous, ezibamba amagatsha zivame ukuba ziqinile kakhulu futhi zithile.
  • Izinto ezinhle:Umswakama wensalela ungaba nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlinzekwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi semvelo. Ukusebenzisa insalela kuguqula umkhiqizo wezimboni ophumayo ube ngumthombo obalulekile.
  • Challenges: Ukukhula kwemithamo kungaba yinkinga nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi ezisandleni, kudinga ukwelashwa nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside emgodini.

4. I-Linki eBaluleke: Izinto Zokwakha kanye NeNqubo Yokwenza Isihlabathi

Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kuthonya ngqo ukusebenza kwemishini yokwenza isihlabathi kanye nokwakheka kwe-planti yonke yokucubungula.

  • Uhlobo lwe-Crusher kanye Nezici:Ku-geranite enobukhulu obukhulu, ukukhishwa kwe-VSI "rock-on-rock" kungakhethwa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokugqwesa, noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuncishiswa okuncane ekukhiqizeni okuncane. Ngezinto ezingabikho kahle, ukukhethwa "rock-on-anvil" kungakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ephakeme yesihlabathi esifanele. Isivinini se-rotor sizophinde silungiswe ngokusekelwe ekuthambekeni kwengodo kanye nesimo esifiselekayo sezinhlaka.
  • Washing and Classification:Izinto ezinokwakhiwa okuphezulu kwekleyi (njengemfucumfucu ethile ye-C&D noma izinsiza zemvelo) zidinga ukufakwa kwe-log washer noma i-attrition scrubber kuhlelo lwefektri. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile ngokusebenzisa izixhumi nezihlungi ze-hydrocyclones kubalulekile ukulawula ukwakheka kokugcina kwempahla ye-sand nokukhipha ama-microfines excess (
  • Wear Parts Management:Ubucayi bokudla material buncike empilweni yesikhathi sokugqoka (ama-impellers, ama-anvils, ama-liners) futhi buhlinzeka ngempela ngezindleko zokusebenza. Ukukhetha i-metallurgy efanele (isb., i-high-chrome white iron yokudla okungcolile kakhulu) kuyimpendulo eqondile kwezimpawu zemikhiqizo raw.

Ngokuphetha, ukukhetha impahla elungile yokwakha kuyisinqumo esibalulekile nesisebenzayo kunoma yisiphi isenzo sokwenza isihlabathi. Ukukhetha okuhle kuqhutshwa ngezifiso zephrojekthi, ukutholakala kwendawo, kanye nezindleko. Amatshe aphezulu anjenge-basalite ne-granite akhiqiza isihlabathi esisezingeni eliphezulu sokusebenza okuphakeme, ngenkathi amatshe softer afana ne-limestone eba yindlela yokonga ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla ethile efana ne-concrete ephinde yasebenziswayo inikeza indlela ehloniphekile phambili. Ekugcineni, impumelelo ixhomeke ekuqondeni okuphelele kwezimpawu zezakhiwo - ubhardhness, ububha, kanye nokwakheka - nokuhlela umshini wokuzenzela isihlabathi ngokufanele. Ngokuhlanganisa impahla nomshini kanye nezicelo, abalobi bangakhiqiza isihlabathi esisezingeni eliphezulu esihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zembani.