Ta yaya yashi ke sarrafawa - fasahar yashi ta artifishal

Idan aka kwatanta da dutse yashi na halitta, dutse yashi na artifishal ana amfani da shi sosai saboda fa'idojinsa na wadataccen tushen kayan, ƙaramin tasiri na yanayi akan aiwatarwa, kyakkyawan fasalin hatsi da rarrabewar kayan da aka gama, ƙaruwar ƙarfi na beton da rage amfani da siminti.

A cikin ƙira na tsarin yashi da dutse na artifishal, fasahar yin yashi ita ce muhimmi. Ta yaya za a zaɓi ingantaccen fasaha na samarwa don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki, fasahar zamani da ƙeconomy mai ma'ana na tsarin aikin har yanzu yana da mahimmancin matsala a cikin ƙira na tsarin sarrafa yashi na artifishal. Wannan makalar ta gabatar da hanyoyi guda uku na yin yashi da aka yi amfani da su sosai a halin yanzu.

1. Fasahar Kayan Gasa na Injin Rodi

Rarraba girman ƙwayar gawayi na yashi na roba na gargajiya yana da wata doka, wato, wata irin ƙimar kyau tana da kawai wata irin rarraba girman ƙwaya. Don haka, a cikin samar da yashi na roba, yana da mahimmanci a kula da daidaituwa na ƙimar kyau, kuma rarraba girman ƙwayar ba ya buƙatar a rarrabe.

Halaye

• 1) an sauƙaƙe daidaita ƙimar kyau na yashi kuma yana iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mutane (FM = 2.4-3.0 ana iya cimmawa a cikin ingantaccen samarwa);
• 2) rarraba yashi yana da kyau kuma rarrabar girman ƙwayar tana da daidaito;
• 3) ƙananan ingancin samarwa;
• 4) manyan farashin aiki, yawancin ayyukan gine-ginen ƙasa da shigarwa.

Tsarin Fasaha

A cikin tsarin gasa na injin gasa na roba, ana yawan amfani da tsarin buɗaɗɗen zagaye da tsari mai ruwa.

Gabaɗaya, ana saita akwati fitar da yashi kafin injin rod, kuma akwati ya kamata ya zama da wani ƙarfin da ya dace. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a yi la’akari da ƙarfin akwati bisa ga ƙarfin samar da awa daya na injin rod. Ana saita ginin fitarwa a ƙasan akwatin shigarwa don tabbatar da daidaito da daidaiton samar da injin rod ta hanyar shigar da kayan aiki mai wucewa. Murtani da injin rod ya gurgunta yana gudana daga bakin fitarwa kuma yana shiga injin rarrabawa na juyin juyowa don wanke yashi. Bayan kafin bushewa ta hanyar tukunyar rarraba mai layi, ana tura shi zuwa akwatin yashi mai gama don ajiya ta hanyar conveyor mai bel.

Kula da Girman Ƙwayar Shiga

Tarin gwajin samarwa yana nuna cewa idan girman ƙwayar shigar na injin rod ya wuce 25 mm, fitarwa yana da yawa, amma ƙimar kyau tana girma, kuma idan girman ƙwayar shigar na injin rod ya ƙasa da 25 mm, tasirin yashi na gasa na injin rod yana zama mafi kyau. Idan an yi la’akari da ƙimar girman ƙwayar shigar, girman ƙwayar shigar na injin rod ya kamata a kula da shi cikin 5-20mm.

Abun Ƙarin Ƙasa

Saboda samar da ruwa na injin gasa na roba, wani ɓangare na ƙasa yana kaiwa tare da ruwa a cikin tsarin samarwa, kuma abun ƙasa na ƙarshe yashi mai gama na iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin kulawa tsakanin 6% - 12% gaba ɗaya, wanda ba shakka ya dace da aikin da ke da ƙwanƙwasa na yau da kullum a matsayin babban aiki. Duk da haka, don babban aiki mai amfani da RCC, abun ƙasa na ƙarin ba ya isa ga bukatun ƙa'idodi.

Don daidaita abun ƙara na ƙasa, za a iya rage ƙimar kyau da ƙara ƙaramin ƙwaya ta hanyar rage adadin shigar da injin rod da ƙara adadin robar ƙarfe. Ana iya ƙara abun ƙara na yashi na roba ta hanyar kayan aikin sake amfani da su kamar hydrocyclone.

2. Fasahar Injin Karɓar Ɓarna na Tsakar Gida

Kayan da ke juyawa da sauri ana amfani da su don keta junansu da kuma gasa tsakanin kayan.

Injin karɓar Ɓarna na tsakar gida na iya kasu a cikin “duwatsu suna bugun ƙarfe” da “duwatsu suna bugun duwatsu” bisa ga tsarin aikinsa:mashin yin yashiimpeller yana juyawa da sauri mai girma wanda injin ke motsa, yana jifa kayan daga tashar juyawar impeller zuwa ga faranti mai amsawa. Injin hakar dutse mai tashi daga karfi wanda aka shigar da faranti mai amsawa ana kiransa "karfe mai daka dutse"; idan ba a shigar da faranti mai amsawa ba, kayan da impeller na injin hakar dutse ke jifa zasu daki kuyi don yin hali a halin kansu Wannan yanayin ana kiransa "daka dutse". Kadarar tara yawan yashi na "dutse da karfe" tana fi wacce ta "dutse da dutse".

Halaye

Injin hakar ruwan gwangwani na tsaye yana da fa'idodi da suka hada da ingantaccen samarwa, kyakkyawan siffar granule na ruwan gwangwani, ƙarancin farashin aiki, ƙaramin adadin aikin gine-gine da shigarwa, kuma zai iya sake fasalin ƙananan da matsakaitan dutse, amma kuma yana da waɗannan matsalolin:

• 1) sauƙin tsarin aiki da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi;
• 2) duwatsu 5 ~ 2.5mm ya kamata a karya ta hanyar maimaitawa, tare da tasirin karya mara kyau da ɓata makamashi kaɗan;
• 3) rarrabewar ruwan gwangwani da aka gama ba ta yi daidai ba, wanda ke zama rarrabewar "da yawa a ƙananan bangarorin da kuma kaɗan a tsakiya";
• 4) yana da wahala a sarrafa girman granule na ruwan gwangwani da aka gama (wanda mutum ke sarrafa);
• 5) adadin ruwan gwangwani da aka gama yana da ƙasa;
• 6) don siminti na al'ada, abun ciki na foda dutse na iya zarce ƙa'ida.

Rarrabawa da Siffar Granule

bayan an karya dutse da aka yiwa ruwan gwangwani (girma 5-40mm) ta hanyar injin hakar ruwan gwangwani na tsaye (yadda aka fasa dutse), rarrabuwar samfurinsa shine: 20-40mm yana dauke da kusan kashi 25%, 5-20mm yana dauke da kusan kashi 40%, kuma adadin samar da ruwan gwangwani yana kusan kashi 35%. Idan aka yi amfani da injin karya "dutsi da karfe", adadin ruwan zai iya kaiwa fiye da kashi 50%.

Girman granule na ruwan gwangwani da aka gama wanda aka samar ta hanyar fasa dukiyar tsaye shine rarrabewar da ba ta cika ba na "da yawa a ƙananan bangarorin, kaɗan a tsakiya". Abun ciki na 2.5-5mm yawanci ya zarce kashi 32%, wanda ya zarce babban darajar takamaiman ruwan gwangwani na kashi 10% - 25%, yayin da abun ciki na 0.63-2.5mm yana kusan kashi 20%, wanda ya gaza kwarai idan aka kwatanta da darajar ƙa'ida na kusan kashi 40%.

Tsarin Fasaha

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da ruwan gwangwani ta hanyar fasa dukiyar tsaye: samar da buɗaɗɗen juyawa da samar da juyawa mai rufewa. Kowace hanya za ta iya raba zuwa tsarin bushe, tsarin danshi da tsarin rabin bushe. A cikin samar da bushe, adadin samar da ruwan gwangwani da abun cikin foda dutse suna da yawa, amma gurbacewar tururi tana da tsanani. Samar da danshi da rabin bushe yana da ƙarancin adadin ruwan gwangwani, mai sauƙin sarrafa tururi.

Yawancin abubuwan suna bukatar a yi la’akari da su a cikin zaben hanyoyin samarwa masu bushe da danshi. Lokacin da babban aikin yana da babban R.C.C, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da samarwa mai bushe. Don manyan wuraren tururi, ana iya amfani da tara tururi a jere da kuma na'urar tara tururin don rufe akwatunan shigar da aka karya na tsaye. Duk da haka, don tsarin tarin artifishal babban zagaye tare da siminti na al'ada a matsayin babban bangare na aikin, yakamata a yi amfani da samarwa a cikin danshi.

3. Hanyar Kera Ruwan Gwangwani Mai haɗawa

Ta hanyar nazarin dokar samar da ruwan gwangwani da halayen fasaha na injin gishiri da fasa dukiyar tsaye, za a iya ganin cewa adadin samar da ruwan gwangwani, modulus na laushi, abun foda da rarrabewar samfur duk suna da matuqar jituwa. Saboda haka, haɗa injin gishiri da fasa dukiyar tsaye na iya gyara matsalolinsu.

Tsarin Fasaha

Bayan dutse ya karye ta hanyar injin hakar ruwan gwangwani na tsaye, zai shiga cikin na'urar tantancewa don rarrabawa. Dukkan duwatsu da ke da diamita fiye da 5mm za su dawo ga akwatin canja wuri. Duwatsu da ke da diamita na 5-2.5mm za su shiga cikin injin gishiri don karyewa. Bayan injin tantancewa, zai haɗu da duwatsu da ke da diamita ƙasa da 2.5mm kuma ya shiga cikin akwatin samfur da aka gama.

Halaye

• 1) Amfanin injin tasiri mai tsawo da kuma yashi wanda aka ƙera da mashin ruwan ƙwaya suna maida hankali, an shawo kan matsalolin injin tasiri mai tsawo da kuma yashi wanda aka ƙera da mashin ruwan ƙwaya, kuma an warware matsalolin ƙaramin abun ciki na yashi mai matsakaici da kuma gurbacewar yawan foda na dutse.
• 2) ingancin yashi da aka gama yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma tsarin ganyen yana da kyau;
• 3) yawan amfani da ruwa da wutar lantarki, yawan amfani da sanduna na karfe;
• 4) babban adadin aikin gini da shigarwa;
• 5) tsarin aikin yana da rikitarwa kuma akwai nau'ukan kayan aiki da yawa.