Summary: Fasahar amfani da sharar ƙarshe mai hankali tana kasancewa tubalin ginshiki ga kamfanoni wajen samar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa....
Yanayin amfani da kwaza-kwaza
1. Adadin kwaza-kwaza
A cikin aikin hakowa da sarrafa ma'adanan da ba na ƙarfe ba, za a haɓaka yawancin tarkace. Misali, a ƙarshen shekarar 2017, akwai ma'adanan da ba na ƙarfe ba guda 44,998 a China. Don adana waɗannan tarkace, akwai tafkin tarkace guda 7,793 da ke tallafa musu.
Ƙazamin, a matsayin sharar da ƙarfi da kuma ikon adanawa, yana haifar da matsaloli na muhalli da haɗarin tsaro, yana hana ci gaban daɗaɗa tattalin arzikin ma'adinai da biranen ma'adinai sosai.
2. Rarrabaƙaƙƙen ƙura
Matsayin ƙura na halitta yana da rikitarwa kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan biyar bisa abubuwan da ke cikin shi:
1) Tianings waɗanda suka fi yawa suna kunshe da quartz, kamar ƙarfe mai ruwan tabarau da zinariya.
2) Kayayyakin sharar gida da suka fi yawa sune feldspar da quartz, kamar ramin quartz na feldspar na potassium da ma'adanan molybdenum.
3) Tailings suna ƙunshe da mafi yawa na carbonate. Gabaɗin haɗin ma'adinai shi ne calcite, limestone, dolomite, da sauransu, haka kuma ƙasa.
4)Ƙura da ke kunshe da silicates.
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanai sun hada da kaolin, bauxite, wollastonite, diopside, epidote, garnet, chlorite, nepheline, zeolite, mica, olivine da hornblende.
5) Sauran nau'ikan sharar.
Bugu da ƙari ga nau'ikan sharar da aka ambata a sama guda hudu, wasu sharar ma suna ƙunshe da ma'adanai kamar fluorite, barite, da gypsum.
3. Haɗarin tarin sharar.
Asarar albarkatu
A farkon matakai, saboda karancin fasaha na amfani da ma'adanai da kuma rashin sanin amfani da su gaba daya, an barar da yawa daga cikin albarkatu masu daraja a cikin sharar.
Garkuwa da ƙasar
Tarin tarkacen ma'adinai yana ɗaukar yawa daga ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, aikin ma'adinai ya haifar da yawan goafs da yankuna da suka rushe, wanda hakan ya haifar da lalata yawa daga ƙasar.
Hadarin ilimin kasa
Tarin yawan tarkacen ma'adinai na iya haifar da bala'i na biyu, wanda hakan ya shafi lafiyar mutane da dukiyarsu, kamar rushewar tafkin tarkacen ma'adinai, rushewar dutse da kwararowar tarkace.
Lalacewar muhalli
Tarkacen ma'adinai sun lalata muhalli da ke kewaye, kamar ƙasa, shuka, iska da tushen ruwa.
Ɗimbin damammaki na amfani da ƙazamar ma'adinai
1. Amfani da ƙazamar ma'adinai a cikakken faɗi
Tsaftacewa bayan cirewa
Saboda fasaha mara kyau ta inganta ma'adinai a farkon lokaci, tare da ƙananan adadin ma'adinai ɗaya da yawa da kuma yawa na ma'adinai daban-daban da ke tare, ƙazamar ma'adinai da yawa a cikin ma'adinai suna ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da ƙarfe ko kayan ba ƙarfe. Saboda haka, kamfanonin ma'adinai suna gudanar da ayyukan ma'adinai akan tafkunan ƙazamar ma'adinai da ke wanzuwa da kuma tsaftacewar ƙazamar ma'adinai da aka samu bayan cirewa, da kuma sake samun abubuwan da ke da amfani daga ƙazamar ma'adinai, don haka inganta albarkatun.
Yin kayan gini
Da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, albarkatun ƙasa masu yawa a yankuna da dama suna raguwa a hankali. Domin biyan buƙatun kayan gini da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kamfanoni da dama na kayan gini sun fara sayen ƙarfe daga masana'antun ma'adanai a kusa, a matsayin kayan da za a yi amfani da su wajen samar da ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Kamfanonin hakar maƙedon suna kasancewa a cikin yanayi na saye rabin da bayar rabin don sayar da waɗannan ragowar, waɗanda ba za su iya samun wasu tallafin ƙarin tattalin arziki kawai ba, har ma za su kiyaye ƙarfin ajiyar tanderun ragowar. Kamfanonin kayan gini na iya samun kayan ƙwayar daga farashi mai rahusa, cimma nasara guda biyu.
Cikin ƙasa cika
Cikin ƙasa cika na tarkon ma'adinai shine aikin ƙara siminti da sauran kayan ƙarfafawa cikin tarkon ma'adinai domin inganta lokacin haɗuwa da ƙarfi. Sa'an nan, tarkon ma'adinai ana aika su zuwa wurin da aka yi aikin goaf na ma'adinai ta hanyar wurin cika. Wasu ma'adinan za su iya kai tsaye amfani da ɗaya zuwa biyu ko uku na tarkon ma'adinai ta wannan hanyar.
Yin taki
Ta hanyar cire iri-irin sinadarin ƙasa daga tarkon ma'adinai daidai daidaita su, za a iya samar da takin da ya dace da amfanin noma da kayan ƙasa ko sauran kayan amfanin kuɗi. Aikace-aikacen aiki ba su da yawa.
Mayar da kayan da aka zubar
Yanayin da ake amfani da shi don sake gina kwalliyar ƙasar da aka zubar da ita (tailings) shine rufe saman bakin teku da kuma saman ƙasa mai karkata na tafkin zubar da ƙwayoyin abu bayan rufewa, sannan a shuka shuka ko amfanin gona don kare ƙwayoyin abu daga yuwuwar iska da ruwan sama su ɗauke su a yanayin da ake ciki, don haka kada su lalata yanayin da ke kewaye.
3. Amfanin amfani da ƙwayoyin abu gabaɗaya
Sake amfani da tafkin zubar da ƙwayoyin abu ba wai kawai zai canza ƙwayoyin abu zuwa kayan ƙima ba, kuma ya rage matsin lamba na tattalin arziki da aka haifar da ginin tafkin zubar da ƙwayoyin abu daga tushe ba, amma kuma ya kawar da haɗarin tsaro gaba ɗaya da aka haifar da tarin ƙwayoyin abu, kuma ya rage matsalar da ke tattare da su.
4. Matsalolin da ke hana yin dausayi daga tarkacen ma'adinai
Rashin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai sosai
A yanzu haka, kashi mai yawa na amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai a cikin ma'adanai masu yawa yana da ƙasa, kuma wannan kashi bai inganta ba tsawon lokaci.
Yawan ƙananan ma'adinai suna da wahalar gudanarwa
Wasu kananan ma'adanan ƙasa da ƙasa da ke jan hankali ta hanyar riba, suna amfani da tsofaffin hanyoyin hakar ma'adanai da haɓaka, suna hakowa da cire ma'adinai ba tare da tsari ba, har ma da tarawa da zubar da tarkace a cikin tashin hankali. Yana da wahala kuma yana da tsada wajen sarrafa waɗannan kananan kamfanonin hakar ma'adanai masu yawan kusan-daidai da rarrabe.
Rashin tsarin aiki na gama gari
Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da kuma sassan rikitarwa a cikin ƙolin fitarwa, kuma a halin yanzu babu wani shiri na magani da aka amince da shi gaba ɗaya. Dole ne a tabbatar da tsarin aiwatarwa da kayan aiki na samar da yumbu daga ƙolin fitarwa bisa la'akari da abubuwa kamar nau'in ƙolin fitarwa, ƙunshewar ma'adinai, halayen girman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin, da sauransu.
Tsari na yashi na samar da yashi
Dangane da abubuwa kamar ƙarfin ma'adanai, halayen ƙasar dutse, da kuma ƙayyadaddun girman ƙwayoyin ƙasa na ƙazanta, tsara tsarin samarwa na ƙarfafa don yin yashi mai ƙazanta, samar da manyan tarale da yashi na na'ura, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai kamar murɗawa, tantancewa, ɗora da warewar ƙwayoyin ƙasa da sauransu.
Duk tsarin samar da yashi na kimiyya da hankali ya kamata ya kasance da tsarin sauki kuma mai dan kankanta, da kuma kyawun girman kwayoyin abubuwan hada, high grading, ƙimar tarwatsa mai ƙananan, da ƙananan yawan ƙwayoyin tsaga da ƙwayoyin leda. Yawan amfani da tarkace na iya kaiwa 85%, kuma yawan amfani da albarkatun yana ƙara sosai.
Mahaukacin taruwa: A cewar bukatun tantancewa na taruwa, bayan karya, tacewa, shirya da kuma warewa, duwatsu marasa amfani suna zama mahaukatan taruwa masu girman 5-10mm, 10-20mm, da 20-31.5mm.
Machine-made sand: The -5mm material produced by the coarse aggregate production system is used to produce 0.3 ~ 4mm fine sand and 4 ~ 5mm coarse sand after screening → sand washing → magnetic separation.
(1) Shiga: kayan juyawa.
(2) Fatsi mai laushi: injin fraciyar haƙori mai girman abinci na 150-500mm da girman fitarwa na 400-125mm.
(3) Dinggin matsakaici: injin taro ko injin bugun iska mai girman shayarwa 400-125mm da girman fita 100-50mm. Injin taro yana dacewa da damƙe kayan shararri da matsakaici zuwa mai ƙarfi yayin da injin bugun iska ya dace da damƙe kayan da ke ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙarfi.
(4) Tsarin rushewa mai kyau: injin rushewa na cone da injin rushewa na vertical shaft impact, tare da girman abin shiga 100-50mm da girman fitarwa 32-5mm.
(5) Tacewa da tattara garma: allon gargajiya mai rawa + mai tattara garma na hanyar bushewa.
(6) Tsara: na'urar sassafta shape (Bayan tace kayan da suka kame sosai, an tura kayan da suka cancanci zuwa cikin akwatin ajiya ta hanyar bel na jan kaya. Kayan da ba su cimma buƙatun girman ƙwayar ƙwayar da kuma nau'in yunƙurin ƙwayar suna koma cikin na'urar sassafta shape don sake sarrafawa da tsara su ta hanyar bel na jan kaya.)
(7) Bincike da tattara ƙura: allo mai rawa + mai tattara ƙura na hanyar busasshi.
(8) Gwajin jigilar kayayyaki: ƙaramin ɗaukar kaya.
(9) Rarrabuwa: yashi mai ƙarfi ana rarrabuwa ta hanyar allo mai rawa, kuma yashin ƙananan ana samunsa ta hanyar injin wanke yashi, injin tattara yashin ƙananan da aikin busasshewa.
Hankalin da za a ɗauka a yayin amfani da yashin da aka samu daga ƙasa mai ƙasa
Sarrafa ingancin samarwa da gini na ƙasa mai ƙasa
1. Fuskar ƙasan ƙasa ta tailings tana ƙyar da kuma tana da yawan rami. Don inganta aikin baki na siminti, a ƙara wani adadin ƙari na ma'adanai da ya dace da ƙarar ƙasan tailings siminti, kamar toka mai sama da aji na II ko fiye, garin toka, da sauransu.
2. Ruwan da ƙasa mai daukar ruwa na ƙasa mai daukar ruwa na ƙasa mai daukar ruwa ba shi da kyau sosai, kuma ruwa yana iya rasa sauƙi kuma ya ƙone, don haka ƙarafa dole ne ta kasance mai daidaituwa, kuma ƙarafa mai yawa ba za a yarda ba. Aikin musamman ya kamata a yi don inganta kariya a farkon lokaci da kula da ruwa (tsakanin kwanaki 7 zuwa 14) domin hana fashewar bushewa.
Matakai na kula da amfani da ƙasa mai daukar ruwa
1. Ga siminti mai ruwa na kasuwanci wanda ya buƙaci jigilar nesa, idan asarar ƙarfi saboda lokaci ana la'akari, adadin ƙasa mai daukar ruwa da za a maye gurbinsa ba ya wuce kashi 40%. In ba haka ba, asarar ƙarfi saboda lokaci za ta yi yawa.
2. A lokacin shirye-shiryen siminti na kasuwanci tare da yashi na tailings, dole ne a kara wasu adadin ƙarƙashin ma'adinai ( kamar foda slag, ash na kwalen daraja na II da sauransu) don rage illolin sakamakon raunin yashi na tailings akan aiki mai sauƙi na simintin.
3. Ƙarfeƙar tarkace na yashi wani irin yashi ne da injiniya ta ƙirƙira, wanda yawanci yana ƙunshe da wani adadin garin dutifi. Ƙaramin adadin garin dutifi na iya haifar da tasirin ƙananan taro, wanda yake da amfani ga siminti. Duk da haka, idan adadin garin dutifi ya yi yawa sosai, buƙatar ruwa don hadadden siminti na kasuwanci tare da kwararan ruwa iri ɗaya zai ƙaru sosai, wanda ba kawai yana ƙara yawan siminti da aka yi amfani da shi ba, yana ƙara farashi, amma har ma yana ƙara taurin ƙarfafa siminti da kuma lalata dukan aikin sa. Gabaɗaya, adadin garin dutifi bai kamata ya wuce 5% ba (cike da buƙatun yashi na Ajin II).
5. Samun jagororin.
Fasahar amfani da sharar tarkace mai ma'ana ita ce tushen kamfanoni don samar da amfanin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa. Yakacin amfani da sharar tarkace ya kamata ya rungumi haɗin hanyoyin samarwa daban-daban, daga ciki gina ƙasa da tarkace mai, haɗe da haɗin barkonki, siminti, da sauransu, waɗanda ke da babban amfani tattalin arziki kuma za su iya amfani da manyan adadin sharar tarkace, wannan wata muhimmin hanyar sake Amfani da sharar tarkace gabaɗaya da tasawarta ne. Amfani da sharar tarkace gabaɗaya shine tsarin tsari mai zurfi da kuma na girma sosai wanda ke ƙarfafa amfani da kayan kasa, kare muhalli na tsarin halittu, da kuma inganta ci gaban kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da ɗorewa.
Dangane da yanayin da ake ciki, albarkatun ma'adinai suna raguwa kowace rana, binciken hanyoyin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai gabaɗaya, sabon hanyar gina ma'adanai masu dorewa da kuma ma'adanai masu kare muhalli ne, domin adana albarkatu da amfani da su gabaɗaya. Idan kuna son sanin yadda ake shirya ƙasa da ƙaramin dutse daga tarkon ma'adinai, ku tuntube mu. Injiniran SBM Group za su daidaita jagororin aikin tarkon ma'adinai na ku.
Bayani: Wasu abubuwan da ke cikin wannan labarin sun fito daga Intanet, ne kawai don koyi da sadarwa;
Samun Magani
Aika Sako