Yaya ake samar da Manyan Kwayoyin Basalt masu Tsarki?

Summary: Wannan labarin yana tattara dukan tsarin samar da kuɗin basalt mai inganci sosai, daga sarrafa kayan ƙasa, jika, gyarawa, da tacewa zuwa ikon tsafta, yana bincika yadda kowanne mataki ke shafar ingancin kuɗin da mahimman wuraren sarrafa samarwa, yana ba da jagora na tsarin tsaro inganci ga masu aikin samar da kuɗin basalt....

Basalt, saboda ƙarfin matsin lamba da yake da shi, kyawawan juriya ga gogayya, da tsarin sinadarai mai ɗorewa, yana da muhimmanci a cikin asalin tarkace don hanyoyin mota, ƙirƙirar jiragen ƙanƙara masu sauri, ayyukan samar da ruwa, da kuma ƙwararrun siminti masu ƙarfi. Sai dai, akwai iyaka ga iri ɗaya na ma'adinai na basalt da zai iya samar da kayayyaki na ƙarshe masu inganci daban-daban daga layukan samarwa daban-daban. Bukatar kasuwa ga tarkace mai inganci na basalt na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, amma ba yawancin layukan samarwa masu iya samar da tarkace na basalt mai inganci suna da yawa. Dalilin ba a cikin ma'adinai ne da kansa ba, amma a matakin iko a duk matakan yadda ake ginawa. To, ta yaya ake samar da tarkace na basalt mai inganci sosai?

I. Menene Ingantaccen Gyaran Basalt mai Kyau?

Referring to GB/T 14685-2022 Pebble and Crushed Stone for Construction, high-quality basalt aggregate (Class I) should meet the following core indicators:

Daga cikin waɗannan alamomi, yawan ƙwayoyin tarkace da tsawon ƙwayar ƙasa da kuma yadda ƙwayar ta keyi sifar su ne mafi tasiri wajen bambance matakan ingancin samarwa. Bambanci tsakanin ƙarfafa ingancin abu da na ƙasa na yau da kullum yana ta'allaka ne a cikin waɗannan alamomi biyu.

II. Kulawar Kayan Raw: Harsashin Gudunmawar Dutsen Basalt Mai Inganci Mai Zane Daga Kayan Albarkatun Gwari

Yawancin masu aiki suna danganta matsalolin ingancin cikin haɗin kai zuwa ga masu murƙushewa, amma a gaskiya, ingancin kayan asali yana da muhimmanci wajen tantance ingancin haɗin kai na ƙarshe. Ko da kuwa yadda masu murƙushewa suke kyau, ba zai iya canza kayan asali da yawa suka lalace ba zuwa haɗin kai mai inganci na Class I.

Tsarin Faduwa

Sakamakon fashewa kai tsaye yana shafar dukkan aikin samarwa na gaba:

Idan girman yankan fashewar yayi girma sosai, yawan amfani da makamashin farko na fashewa zai karu kuma wankin liner zai tsananta; idan yayi ƙanƙanta sosai, yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin zasu kasance masu yawa. Yawan fashewa da yawa na haifar da yawan feshin ƙananan gari da robar dutse, wanda ke ƙara yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin zafi da matsa latsin tarin robar bayan shige cikin layin samarwa.

Zaɓen Haƙiƙa Masu Zaɓi

Yankin yashi na basalt yawanci yana da babban sashi na yanayin ginuwa a saman kasa. Basalt da ke cikin wannan yanayi na ginuwa na da ƙarfi mai rauni sosai na matsa lamba kuma yana da yawan abubuwan da ke raba gida da juna, wanda ke sanya shi ba shi da amfani a matsayin kayan aikin gina mai inganci. Samar da kayan yashi mai inganci daga basalt ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'adinai masu zaɓe:

· Kayan ƙasa mai lalacewa na sama ana cire shi daban kuma ana amfani da shi don cika tushen hanya ko ƙari mai ƙananan inganci;

· Bayanin zurfi na basalt yana shiga layin samar da karafa masu inganci sosai;

· A lokacin damuna, ƙasa tana sosai liƙawa da farar dutse maras yi; ya kamata a ƙara ƙarfafa duba da wanke a matakin ciyarwa.

3. Ajiye Kayayyakin Albarkatu Masu Salo

Ya kamata a adana kayan asali na basalt da aka cire daga ƙasa da kyau.

· Dakin adana ƙasa ya kamata a tabbatar da kyakkyawan taƙaitaccen gini domin hana ƙasa haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

· Dunkulemu na kayan aiki daban-daban ya kamata a tattara shi a wurare daban-daban don kaucewa gaurayuwa da kayan aikin da suka lalace da kuma masu inganci;

· Kayan aikin farko-farko ne ke bin tsarin fara fitowa, wato na farko-zuwa-zuwa. Fuskar basalt da aka ajiye tsawo za su yi sawa da danshi da yanayi, wanda zai shafi tsaftar ƙungiyoyin haɗe.

III. Matakin Murƙushewa: Yaya Za a Sarrafa Ingancin Karkata na Basalt?

Basalt yana da ƙarfi sosai da kuma ƙarfin ƙura. Matakin murɗawa don ƙwayar dutse mai inganci yana amfani da tsarin murɗawa na farko + na biyu/na uku. Kowane aikin murɗawa yana shafar siffar kwayar, rarrabewa, da ƙunshin ƙara na samfurin ƙarshe. Domin samar da ƙwayar basalt mai inganci, dole ne a mai da hankali kan tasirin kowanne matakin murɗawa a kan inganci kuma a aiwatar da kulawa ta musamman da aka nufa.

1. Fadawa na farko: Sanya tushen kayan dutse mai inganci mai suna Basalt

Primary crushing yana karya daskararren dutse da aka fashe zuwa girman tsakuwa na matsakaici, yana samar da yanayin abinci don kwanciyar secondary/tertiary crushing da gina ginshiƙi mai kyau ga dukkan layin samarwa.

· Girman ruwa mai ɗorewa: Rarraba girman ƙwayar fitowar daga farkon katsewa yana tantance yanayi na abinci don katsewa na biyu/na uku. Idan fitowar ta kasance mai kwanciyar hankali kuma rarrabuwar ta ƙara, katsewa na biyu/na uku na iya aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kwanciyar hankali. Don samar da haɗakar inganci mai kyau, matakin katsewa na farko dole ne ya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankalin buɗewar fitowar da kuma sarrafa girman ƙwayar fitowar.

· Control clay content at the source: High-quality basalt aggregate requires clay content ≤0.5%. Once clay enters downstream, it ultimately adheres to the finished product surface, raising clay content indicators, and removal costs increase. Configuring pre-screening equipment at the feeding stage is a low-cost and most direct method for clay content control.

2. Tattalin Daga Tsakiya/Nawa: Asalin Halittar Ingancin Kayan Gyaran Basalt

Hulɗar ƙarshe/na uku na fashewa shi ne matakin asali na samar da ƙwayar basalt. Rarraba girman ƙwayar da sifar ƙwayar sun fi dacewa da matakin nan gaba. Don samar da ƙwayar mai inganci, buɗewar fita na ƙarshe/na uku na fashewa ya kamata a saita shi cikin hikima, abincin ya kamata ya kasance mai ɗorewa, kuma girman ƙwayar da za a fitar ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon da za a iya sarrafawa a matakai na gaba na shiryawa da tacewa.

Ayyukan murƙushewa na basalt na biyu/na uku gabaɗaya suna amfani da masu murƙushewa na ƙona. Tasirin ka'idar lamination yana dogara da ƙudurin yaduddan abu a cikin dakin murƙushewa. Idan abun ciki yana da yawa kuma yana ci gaba, matsa lamba tsakanin ƙwayoyin yana da kyau sosai kuma shape na ƙwayoyin yana da kusan daidaituwa. In ba haka ba, rashin daidaituwar siffar ƙwayoyin na iya faruwa, tare da saurin lalacewar kayan zobe. A yayin samarwa, ya kamata a lura da matsayin kayan aiki cikin sauri, a gyara sigogin a lokacin da ya dace, kuma a canza sassan da ke tawon wuya don tabbatar da ingancin fitarwar murƙushewa na biyu/na uku.

IV. Siffar Abubuwa: Maɓalli daga Basalt Mai Kyau zuwa Ingantaccen Takardar Kayan Gini

Idan matakan tozarta suna magance matsalar "kayan da ya cancanci," to matakin ƙirƙira yana magance matsalar "kimar da ta fi kyau." Gine-ginen taro na basalt mai inganci sosai yawanci suna da matakin ƙirƙira.

Menene Amfanin Kiyaye Tsari a Harkokin Samar da Kayan Kayan Ginin Basalt?

Fitar da kayan daga ƙwalla na fuskar ƙariƙafa na biyu/na uku ba ya ɗauke da harshen ƙarshe mai inganci sosai. Wakili mafi yawa na ƙwayoyin zai nuna siffofi masu lanƙwasa da dogayen zigzag, wanda ke rage kauri da ƙarfi na siminti. Manufar fasalin itace don sake fasalin ƙwayoyin lanƙwasa da dogayen zigzag zuwa mafi tsaka tsaki ta hanyar fasahar dokewa ta tasiri, rage ƙunshin ƙwayoyin lanƙwasa da dogayen zigzag na ƙwallon aggregate don dacewa da buƙatun ƙwallon basalt mai inganci sosai.

Shaping yawanci yana amfani da na'urar crushar VSI. Yana amfani da "duwatsu a kan duwatsu" tsari na crushar: an hanzarta kayan aikin ta hanyar rotor mai sauri sosai sannan a jefa shi, yana bugawa hawainiya na kayan a jikin bangon dakin crushar, yana cimma crushar tsakanin kwayoyi. A cikin wannan tsari, bangarorin sawa na ƙarfe ba sa shiga kai tsaye cikin crushar, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan farashin sawa, ya dace da kayan da ke da ƙarfin lalacewa kamar basalt.

2. Muhimman wurare na Kula da Kula a Matakin Tsarawa

· Kula da girman ƙwayar abinci. Shigarwar girma fiye da yadda ya kamata zuwa matakin gyarawa na iya haifar da kullewar rotar da rage ingancin bangaren fitarwa. Dole ne fitarwa na crushers na biyu/na uku ta farko ta wuce ta tacewa, tare da kayan da suka dace da ka'ida aiko su zuwa injin gyarawa, sannan kayan da ba su dace da ka'ida ba su koma crusher na kwala don sake crushing.

· Speed control. Tasirin siffantawa ya dogara da saurin ƙarshen rotor. Babban sauri yana nufin ƙarin ƙarfin kuzarin motsi na kayan, cikakken bugun bubbuga mai ƙarfi, da kyawun sakamakon siffantawa. Amma sauri fiye da kima yana kuma nufin ƙarin amfani da kuzari da saurin lalacewar sassa. A cikin aikin gaske, ya kamata a daidaita saurin da hankali da sassauci gwargwadon yanayin abinci da siffar kwayar da ake nufi.

· Throughput control. Zanen kayan abu ba kawai bi ta sau biyu ba ne. Yawan ciyarwa sosai yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan nauyin kayan abu a cikin dakin ƙwacewa, yana raunana ingancin tasiri kuma yana haifar da rashin isasshen zanen; ƙarancin ciyarwa yana ɓatar da ƙarfin aikin. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce sarrafa ƙimar ciyarwa cikin iyakar da kayan aikin zai iya sarrafawa, tabbatar da kowace ƙwai tana samun isasshen ƙarfin tasiri na iska.

Don ayyukan samar da granule na basalt da suka dace da matakan hanyar mota, ballast na jirgin kasa mai saurin gudu, da siminti mai ƙarfi sosai, matakin tsara shi ne dole ne a yi.

V. Matakin Dubawa: Kare Ingancin Tattalin Kashi Mai Karkata Mai Kyau

A cikin samar da kwalliyar bazalt, matakin tacewa yana tantance waƙar rarraba samfurin da aka kammala.

Tsarin Ragin Grosar Allon allo

Hubbas na basalt mai inganci mai kyau yana buƙatar samarwa cikin lokaci ɗaya na nau'ikan daban-daban. Saboda haka, buɗewar hanyar tacewa dole ne ta dace da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na musamman. A lokaci guda, yawan yadudduka na tacewa da kuma ƙarfin filin tacewa dole ne a tsara su sosai bisa ga ƙarfin sarrafawa; rashin isasshen filin tacewa yana haifar da raguwar yawan tacewa.

2. Binciken Zagayen Kulle

A cikin ayyukan samar da ƙari na basalt mai ƙwarewa sosai, ana ƙara zagaye na tantancewa na rufin zagaye bayan narke na biyu/na uku. Fuskar motsi tana rarraba kayan da suka dace a matsayin samfurin ƙarewa kuma tana mayar da kayan da bai dace ba zuwa injin daskarewa, tana tabbatar da ingancin tantancewa da kuma rarrabuwa na samfurin ƙarewa sosai.

VI. Ta yaya za a tabbatar da cewa ƙunshin ƙananan cassar basalt ya dace da ƙa'idodi?

Basalt contains 45%–52% SiO₂, making the fine dust generated during crushing a respirable crystalline silica hazard. The crushing process also produces fine dust that must be controlled to meet specifications. Dust adhering to aggregate surfaces causes fines content to exceed standards. This is a key indicator for evaluating high-quality aggregate. Dust collection processes can be reasonably configured in production stages to reduce aggregate fines content.

Tsarin Tarar Turmai Bushewa

Saita tsarin tara kura a wuraren da kura ke yawo kamar wuraren ciyarwa, ragowa, da tantancewa.

· Maganin ruwan sanyi mai ƙarfi na iska dangane da maki masu ƙananan tarin kasala

· Taron taro na hewa mai ɗauke da ƙura yada dacewa da maki masu ɗauke da ƙarfafa kura

2. Tsarin Wankin Ruwa

Don haɗaɗɗen kayan ƙara na basalt mai inganci sosai da ke da ƙa'idodin ƙaramin tarin kura mai tsauri, tattara kura ta bushe na iya kasancewa rashin isasshe don samun daidaito mai dorewa, yana buƙatar ƙara matakin wanka:

· Mashinan yashi na zagaye ko na keke don cire kayan yashi masu haske da ke manne a saman haɗin gwiwa;

· Na'urorin dawo da yashi mai laushi ya kamata a sanya su bayan wanke don rage asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasa;

· Hadan ruwa na buƙatar tsarin maganin ruwan sharar gida, tare da sake amfani da ruwa don dorewar muhalli.

A taƙaice, samar da ingantaccen haɗin gwal basalt ba shi ne abin mamaki a kowane mataki guda ɗaya ba, sai dai gudanarwa mai kyau da kulawa a dukkan tsarin samarwa. Kayan yawanci shi ne ginshiƙi, ƙwacewa shine mafi muhimmanci, siffofi shi ne mabuɗi, tantancewa na kare tsara daidaito, sannan tsaftar haɗin gwal ita ce tushe na inganci. Ta hanyar sarrafa kowane mataki na samarwa ne kawai za a iya cim ma mafi girman ƙima daga ma'adinai, a ƙarshe su samu ba daidai ba a kasuwar buƙatar haɗin gwal mai inganci.

Don koyon game da mafita masu kyau na samar da ƙara na basalt mai inganci, da fatan za a tuntubi SBM.

SBM ta kasance tana cikin aikin samar da kahon basalt na fiye da shekaru talatin, tare da kwarewar ayyukan duniya mai yawa. Tuntuɓi mu don mafi dacewa da magani guda ɗaya.