Matakan 4 don Inganta Majjin Copper-Gold na Indonesiya

Takaitawa：Bincika matakan mai mahimmanci guda hudu na inganta ma'adanai na zinariya da tagulla na porphyry na Indoneziya, daga karya da grinding zuwa tura ruwa da fitar da ruwa, tare da bayani kan kayan aiki da kuma mahimman sarrafa aiki don samun inganci mafi yawa.

Indonesiya na matsayin babban mai samar da zinariya a duniya. Albarkatun zinari nasu suna da rabe-rabe daban-daban kamar su Takanin Zinariya da Jinjirin Zinariya, da kuma Ma'adinai Masu Oxidized. Daga cikin wadannan, Takanin Zinariya da Jinjirin Zinariya suna da gagarumin girma, suna da hadakar sosai na zinariya da jan karfe, da kuma hanyoyin sarrafawa na zamani, suna zama ginshikin samar da zinariya a Indonesiya da tushen tattalin arziki na asali.

Bayani kan Albarkatu da Rarraba su

Babban tanadin da ya fi daraja a fannin tattalin arziki shine Porphyry Copper-Gold.

Halayen Kayan Aiki:Babban fasalin wannan ma'adanin shine kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin kayan dauke da ƙarfe (musamman Chalcopyrite) da kuma kayan zinariya. Zinariya yawanci tana wanzuwa cikin tsarin microscopic a cikin kayan sulfide kamar chalcopyrite. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da tarin kayan zinariya cikin duka ta hanyar flotashan don samun ingantaccen fitar da dukkan ƙimar ƙarfe da zinariya.

Babban Rarrabawa:Kayayyaki suna da tarin gaske a cikin wasu manyan wuraren ajiyar duniya, musamman:

• Kasuwar Grasberg a Jihar Papua, wani babban ma'adin zinariya-da-zinciri na duniya.
• Batu Hijau Deposit a Tsibirin Sumbawa, wani babban ma'adinin zinariya da koper mai girma a Indoneziya.

Tsarin Hanyar Gyarawa Ƙwayar zinariya da Copper na Matakai Hudu

Tafiyar daga ore na ma'adinai zuwa raba ma'adanin zinariya da kwalta yawanci tana da matakai hudu masu muhimmanci.

Mataki na 1: Motsa

Wannan mataki na farko yana rage ma'adinan ƙasa zuwa ƙasa da 15mm, yawanci yana amfani da tsarin Makaranta Uku, Tsarin Rufe.

• Farin Karya:Farin hanci na ma'adinai, manyan Gyratory Crushers masu ƙarfin aiki ko manyan Jaw Crushers suna rage ruwan ƙarfe daga manyan ƙwayoyin har zuwa 1.5 mita zuwa ƙasa da 250-300mm.
• Matsakaicin Gurɓata:Babban samfurin yana ci gaba da matsawa ta hanyar Injin Kankara na Standard sannan kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar Allunan Tashin Kafa na Maza.
• Tertiary Crushing: Babban KaryaKa'idar "hadakar kwayoyin cikin kwaya" ta HPGR tana haifar da tarin karamin rami a cikin ma'adinan, wanda ke rage amfani da makamashi a matakin gawayen da ya biyo baya (wanda aka kiyasta a 15%-30%). Samfurin na uku yana koma zuwa allo, yana kirkiro wani rukunin rufewa wanda ke sarrafa ingancin girman samfurin na ƙarshe a kusan -15mm.

Mataki na 2: Niƙa

Wannan mataki yana amfani da karfin injin don samun cikakken 'yancin jiki na ma'adanai masu daraja (chalcopyrite mai dauke da zinariya) daga gangue (a mafi yawan lokuta pyrite da quartz), wani abu da ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen fitar da iska.

• Ruwa mai rabuwar kai (SAG):Ana shigar da samfurin da aka nika cikin Mill na SAG, tare da amfani da ma'adinan kansa a matsayin wani bangare na kayan nika don tasiri da lankwasawa.
• Kwaya & Karffin Nika:Fitar da mill na SAG ana tacewa, tare da kayan da ke shiga cikin tsarin niƙa na rufe-cikakke wanda ya ƙunshi manyan Ball Mills da tarin Hydrocyclone. Hydrocyclones, a matsayin na'urar tantancewa ta asali, suna raba samfurin da aka niƙa zuwa ƙananan kwayoyi (overflow, wanda ke bayarwa ga flotation) da manyan kwayoyi (underflow, wanda ke komawa ga ball mill don sake niƙa). Tsayayyen kulawa na parametocin cyclone yana tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin niƙa na ƙarshe yana cika shirin da aka saita na 65%-80% da ke wucewa 200 mesh, yana tabbatar da sakin chalcopyrite mai tasiri.

Mataki na 3: Rarrabewar Filtin

Fifita shine "zuciyar" aikin. Yana amfani da bambance-bambancen kaddarorin fuskar ma'adanai, tare da kulawa da ingancin sinadaran da tsara tsarin, don mai da hankali da tsarkake ma'adanai na zinariya-na kwalta cikin matakai.

1. Daskarewar Fota (Tsarin Mahimmanci):

• Manufa:Inganta dawo da ma'adinin zinariya-kopat da aka kwato daga yanka yanka sosai cikin gajeren lokaci, tare da kafa babban dawo ga dukan tauraron.
• Ayyuka da Kayan Aiki:An fitar da pulp ɗin da aka shirya cikin jerin Kafaffen Hasken Injin (Rougher Banks). An fara ƙara lime don daidaita pH na pulp a 10.5-12.0, wanda ke rage pyrite. Sa'an nan, an ƙara adana mai xanthate na zaɓi don sanya fuskokin chalcopyrite su zama hydrophobic, yayin da frothers ke tabbatar da ciyayi mai kyau daidai. A ƙarƙashin tayin yaƙin gasa da iska, minerals masu dauke da zinariya masu hydrophobic suna makale da ciyayin, suna tashi cikin sauri don yin wani harsashi da aka zana a matsayin Rougher Concentrate.

2. Scavenger Flotation (Tsaftace Taimako na Kashe Kudi):

• Manufa:Samun" da dawo da sauran mahimman ma'adanai daga ragowar kayan, wanda ke da mahimmanci wajen rage darajar ragowar ƙarshe da kuma ƙara yawan dawo da su.
• Ayyuka da Kayan Aiki:Gafakar mai kauri na kwarara zuwa Cells na Scavenger Flotation masu zuwa. Ana yawan ƙara ƙarin mai tattara a nan don tabbatar da ƙarfin tattarawa mai kyau. Samfurin froth na scavenger yawanci ana mayar da shi zuwa ga abinci mai kauri ko ta hanyar yankan don sake aiwatarwa.

3. Tsaftacewa Ta Rufe (Tsarin Tsarkakewa):

• Manufa:A hankali "tsabta" da "tsarkake" ma'adanin da aka shigo da shi ta hanyoyi da dama, yana cire tarin gangu da datti don samar da ma'adanin ƙarshe da ya cika ka'idodin kasuwa.
• Ayyuka da Kayan Aiki:Ruwan famfo mai kyau yana shigowa cikin tsari mai tsaftar matakai da yawa (a yawanci matakai 3-5). Tsaftacewa yana gudana a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu sauƙi, yawanci ana amfani da Columns na Flotation ko kuma ƙananan tsaftar da aka keɓe don ƙara zaɓin zaɓi. Ruwan da aka fitar daga kowanne mataki na tsaftar ana mayar da su zuwa mataki na baya, suna haifar da ruwan tsaftataccen wuri na ƙarewa. Ƙarshen ƙarfe-zinariya na Bulk Concentrate yawanci yana da yawan gwaji fiye da 20% Cu.

Mataki na 4: Raba ruwa & Kulawar tarkace

Wannan mataki na karshe yana kammala shirin samfurin don tura shi kuma yana tabbatar da tsaro wajen zubar da shara, yana kammala zagaye game da amfani da albarkatu da kula da muhalli.

1. Mai mai kauri (Kammala Samfuri):

• Manufa:Canza ruwan ɗigon ƙarfe mai ƙarin ƙarfi zuwa wani abu mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarancin danshi, wanda za a iya jigilar shi da adana shi.
• Ayyuka da Kayan Aiki:Ruwan mai ciji ya fara shiga cikin babban tawada mai kauri don ƙara nauyi. Ana tura ruwan da ya fitar daga tawadan zuwa Filtin Keramik ko Matar Filtar don ƙarin bushewa, a ƙarshe ana samar da kukin filta tare da ƙimar danshi ƙasa da 12%.

2. Gudanar da Kankara (Muhalli & Maida Amfani):

• Manufa:Tsarin zubar da sharar aikin cikin lafiya da kuma maimaita ruwa, yana cika ka'idojin muhalli da na dorewa.
• Ayyuka da Kayan Aiki:Ana fitar da tarkacen floteshan ta hanyar famfunan slurry da bututu zuwa Wurin Adana Tarkace (TSF) da aka tsara bisa ka'idojin tsaro. Ruwan da aka tsarkake daga TSF yana dawowa da yawa zuwa masana'antar ta hanyar tsarin ruwan dawowa.

Rarraba yawon birni na ores zinariya da tagulla na Indoneziya ba kawai tsari ne na matakai ba, amma waƙar da aka daidaita sosai ta injiniya mai inganci. Daga rage ƙarfi a cikin murƙushewa zuwa samun 'yanci da aka samu a cikin niƙa, mai zaɓi mai mayar da hankali a cikin tashi, da kuma rufe alhaki a cikin bushewa, kowanne mataki yana da alaƙa da juna. Tsarin an tsara shi don shawo kan kalubalen musamman da ke haifar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin tagulla da zinariya a cikin wuraren porphyry. Wannan tsarin na tsari yana tabbatar da samun mafi yawan dawo da ƙarafa masu mahimmanci yayin da yake bin ƙa'idodi na zamani na inganci da gudanar da muhalli, yana tabbatar da matsayin Indoneziya a taswirar ƙarafa ta duniya. Nasara tana dogara ne akan aiwatar da kowane mataki daidai da haɗin kai mara tangarda na dukkanin tsarin.